Women Egypt Arab

Wo civilise persuasiveness Egypt ArabThe outset thing that comes in mind when we mention Arab women is maintain and domestic chores. For n aboriginal time this nonion was true. entirely nowadays, Arab women restrain away be themselves in umpteen aspects of the bon ton. Still, there atomic number 18 approximately that believe that a charrs bespeak is at home, besides when for the approximately part the society welcome got tenner used to seeing women at coiffe to cream. This is non to throw up in d make from the cling to of house wives, they do as much work and argon as appreciated as any an an early(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) woman who announces a in game spirits rank in society. In this section of the term we will return it for Egyptian women.History of Womens LiberationWomen in Egypt stimulate been battling for their legal overcompensate, purport at to educational activity, and economical by rightss for centuries. Because Egypt was under the British rule at matchless point, its women set out been exposed to the western ideas, especially those of the amphetamine class. The fight was non altogether measurable to those westernized women that contain discarded the veil publicly, entirely also by those who chose to appreciation the veil but wanted their legal rights. Among those women ar Huda Sharawi and Zainab al-Ghazaly. These cardinal women were the offset women that adopted the war for womens rights in Egypt. Although there restrain been associations make by women to discuss and find solutions for womens legal rights in Egypt, Huda Sharawi is still takeed the feature feminization in Egypt. She is the gear uper of the Egyptian Feminist Union in 1923. She campaigned for womens voting rights, equal access to education and change in the Egyptian marri develop rectitudes, especially that her own experience with marri get on with was not a successful 1. In 1923, Sharawi attended an inter subject womens confe rence in Rome. afterward her return she stopped wearing her brass section veil. Her argument was that the veil is a type of womens lower attitude in Egyptian society. The veil was greatly criticized by western feminists in the conference. tho she continued to wear a scarf covering her hair which agrees with Islamic traditions and usage.Zainab al-Ghazali, a disciple of Sharawi, took a different approach. She was the founder of the Muslim Womens Association in 1936. The associations goal was to cultivate Muslim women to take pride and understand their traditions better.Status of Egyptian woman TodayEgyptian woman today is definitely different from the past. direct women hold critical positions in the society. Where in front women were more or less(prenominal) confined to their homes and bearing and raising children, today women atomic number 18 in political, medical, and mellow complaisant ranks. Women in Egypt argon aim occupationatic in the military. But women are f ound also in rattling odd position. Theres the womanish truck driver, bus driver, and as yet taxi drivers. Women are not totally allowed to vote, theyre also allowed to run for political positions. They send word demand their rights to divorce their husbands if theyre do by badly. They are also responsible for raising their children in the best means and in accordance to the culture and traditions. So, it is obvious that the status of women wee greatly evolved into one that is almost equal to man. Although in some expanses, such as Upper Egypt, women are still being oppressed and cannot fully tool their full rights this problem is on its way to being re puzzle out. breaking WomenThe Egyptian woman is now involved in many field of views of the society. Women are great doctors and scientists, politics and great envisageers. It was the start-off bird Jihan el-Sadat who entered the political field and fought for womens rights to run for political positions. She succeeded t o dedicate 30 seats for women in the Peoples counsel. Unfortunately, this order was canceled after the death of president el-Sadat. Nowadays, first Lady Suzan Mubarak is a symbol of a great woman involved in politics. Her efforts and the efforts of other women in the Egyptian National Counsel for Women that women are now being involved the upcoming plan national development. There are many cognize names in political society that are women.Although women live with gained status in the political field, but still some in some areas theyre being fought against. As an example, theres a controversy these days most women retentiveness positions as judges. 75% of masculines running(a) in the judging field, courts in general, garbage to have a woman that has an authority over them at their work. In a vision that doubted 100 member of the field, 51% of the judges refused to have a woman judge among them and 49% accepted but only on the condition that the woman is to do advising wor k only, not as a judge. What are strange are the excuses these men used to their refusal. star of the judges say that it is not appropriate ( interdict by religion) that he sits unaccompanied with a lady judge in the discussion room, especially if the lady is attractive. Another was questioning what should be done in case the woman judge asked for a maternity give of any other spend that she legally deserves (as a woman). And from the 75% that refused a woman to be the thickening of them is the secretariat of the court of Sohag. He said that he would rather work as a microbus driver than work under the rule of a woman.These views still show that most men in the society do not believe a woman can do their job, and even up better. This also shows that the society (male society) views women as housekeepers and that their place should be at home. take down after the situation that one woman (Advisor Tahany el-Gabaly) was appointed as a judge in the High Court in 2002. After tha t no other woman was appointed such a position in almost quatern years. Commenting on that is one Judge that said that the political relation was right when they appointed a female person judge, and that she was placed in the right place away from being in direct abut with the parking area citizens, because we are a conservative society.Education for WomenIt is clear that the pctage of women that are being ameliorate has increased. Yet the overall literacy rate in Egypt is well-nigh 50%, it is not surprising to find that most of these educated are men. Girls are allowed to study up until they reach an age where they can get married. But this phenomenon is mostly practiced in the villages of Upper Egypt and poor areas of Brobdingnagian cities. Most fathers now are eager to let their girls learn up until they finish higher education. Girls that leave school at an early age are either to work to athletic supporter with the family income or because their fathers still view with the old ideology that a womans place is at home.Women at theatreIt is very(prenominal) clear from the previous sections in this obligate that most Arab men prefer their wives to stay at home and look after the kids. sole(prenominal) a few are happy with their wives working. And usually these wives are disunite apart betwixt their jobs and their house work. It is very difficult and frustrating for women to be working, especially in a male dominated society standardized ours. Beside her day job, she is obligated to clean the house, study for the kids, prepare d privileged before her husband returns from his work, and does the entire house work. It is very rare to find a man who helps his married woman with the house work or even dowery with the kids. It is also very rare to find a man who is volition to leave his job to stay at home with the kids instead of his wife, even if the wifes job pays more than his. These rare husbands are very common in western societies, not in our eastern ones.ConclusionWomen are no doubt a very important pillar in the community. Without women there would be no life. Theyre the symbol of delicacy, love, and utmost compassion. God Almighty has put in them very delicate feelings to care for other. He also put in them the strength to take on any difficulties that may font their families. Woman is a word that includes mother, sister, lover and wife, partner for good and for worse, a shoulder to cry on and hand that would stretch out to help. She could be the weakest creature when shes in love and the strongest one when someone threatens her or her family. So please remember that God created Eve to be a associate for Adam, and not his servant.Women in capital of capital of KuwaitWomen and politicsKuwait is a sharp and oil-rich state where women are said to be among the most emancipated in the Gulf region, which is incredibly conservative. Women in Kuwait can travel, drive, and work without their fathers or husbands consent and they even hold some senior government positions. But women in Kuwait have not yet gained the one right that most of them desire the right to vote. Although the ruler of Kuwait, Sheikh Jaber al-Sabah, issued a princely decree in June of 1999 that stated women should be allowed to vote and run for self-confidence in the next election, a whole step to put his will into law was thrashinged, 32 to 30, by legislators in November of 2000.When compared to a place such as Saudi-Arabian Arabia, Kuwaiti women have it good. In Saudi Arabia, no one has the right to vote and women still dont have the right to drive a car (Muslim Womens League). But this does not appease the Kuwaiti women.For the very first time in Kuwaits history, women of all ages and backgrounds turned out in force during the 29th June landmark parliamentary elections to exercise their newfound right of balloting. Women eventually got to fully participate in the decision making process and have their voices heard in the corridors of political agent. Since parliaments decision on 16th may 2005 to amend the electoral law, Kuwaiti women have quickly risen to bring forth a major seek-after constituency. With their battle in the elections, Kuwait has witnessed a true democratic celebration. Thousands of women have embraced the elections with a first timers zeal.Although no female candidate won a seat in the parliament, ballot counts have shown the employment of Kuwaiti women in the elections for the first time to reflect major progress. Even though only 35% of eligible females voted, the level of their participation was higher than womens participation in many other countries including western ones, the first time they exercise suffrage.In Arab countries, men have traditionally been the providers, women the homemakers. This concept is slowly changing, however, as the attitudes of the outside world permeate Arab society.This process is hastened by the influx of foreign women to Kuwait. For some t ime, Arab women have worked in teaching and nursing, but theyre increasingly also found in other fields, especially banking, finance and the service sector. The majority of conduct female workers are employed in the service sector as doctors, lawyers, hotel administrators, in advertising, public relations, nursing, education and as stewardesses for the many national airlines.Women and workMore local women are entranceway the work force in Kuwait and some employers view them as harder-working and more reliable than the average local male worker (and always cheaper to employ). Women rising to positions of world-beater and influence tend to come from oculus and upper echelon families. Indeed, for a woman to rise to a position of influence at work she needs the support of her family, especially the male members.Most expatriate workers whether western or eastern are male. Their wives a great deal have a restriction in their passport which prohibits them from working. Should the wi ves wish to work, they essential support their own sponsorship and work visa, but employers tend to be biased against giving work visas to women. Women are ofttimes offered work (illegally) and, while this isnt a major crime, it can result in the company being fined and the woman losing her job.Women are mainly safe in the workplace, with piddling sexual harassment because of the severe punishments for this. The influx of female tourists (i.e. prostitutes) from eastern europium in recent times, however, has reduced the level of detect that foreign females hitherto make loveed. Women should also be careful not to be too friendly towards Arab men in the workplace, because this can be misunderstood as flirtatiousness.In fact, the legal liabilities and social discrimination to which women in Kuwait are subject reach beyond political rights. check to Freedom in the World 2003, Freedom Houses annual worldwide report of political rights and civil liberties, Kuwaiti women are legal ly disadvantaged in matters of marriage, divorce, and inheritance, mustiness have the permission of a male relative to obtain a passport and cannot confer citizenship on their children. In addition, and though the proportionality is growing, women remain under-represented in the labor force.But there are other reasons, rooted in Kuwaiti culture and history, to believe that suffrage is at heart view for Kuwaiti women and that the freedom they now enjoy will go away to further gains in the acquisition of civil rights. For starters, although excluded from political life, Kuwaiti women enjoy a relatively high degree of participation in original life. They hold prominent positions in journalism, at the universities, in private business, in medicine, and in government ministries. They serve on the board of the Kuwait oil color Company. They constitute a little more than a third of the Kuwaiti labor force, and their numbers are the likes ofly to grow.This is because women are flouris hing in academic life in Kuwait. They constitute over 70 pct of the students at Kuwait University, and about half of those poring over engineering and medicine. This is a result of two factors. The first, stressed by Kuwait social scientist Haya al-Mughni in Women in Kuwait, the leading book on the subject, is that in the late mid- six-spotties the government adopted the policy that women should be integrated into the work force. To this end, women were provided with educational opportunities. In particular, the government made education compulsory for all Kuwaiti children up to the age of 14, and women were admitted to the University of Kuwait.These associations have been the chief vehicle by dint of which Kuwaiti women activists, almost from the moment the countrys constitution was ratified in 1962, have sought their political rights. Prominent among these associations has been the Womens Cultural and Social Society, founded in 1963. The WCSS believes that the struggle for wome ns suffrage in Kuwait stands on firm constitutional ground The Kuwaiti constitutions preamble proclaims devotion to democratic rule, and article sevensome declares that Justice, Liberty and comparison are the pillars of Society. Through conferences, consciousness-raising, and lobbying members of the national assembly and the government, the Society has sought to purloin the election law passed in 1963, which provides the legal basis for excluding women from politics by providing rules and regulations covering only Kuwaiti men. Last year, a lawsuit, which the WCSS supported, challenging the constitutionality of the election law, was dismissed on procedural grounds. concord to Rasha Al-Sabah, a member of the rule family, under minister of higher education, and the highest-ranking woman in the Kuwait government, Kuwaits characteristic culture and history accounts for its openness to freedom. Located at the crossroads among the Arabian Desert and the Arabian Gulf, and blessed with a capacious cancel port at the Gulfs northern reaches, Kuwait originated as a duty center and served as a home to a seafaring and shipbuilding universe.Kuwaits commercial character also shaped its political development. As an important trading port since the eighteenth century, Kuwait has been in constant contact with the outside world, peculiarly East Africa and India, and its diversity of beliefs and practices. And while the men were often at sea pearl-diving or trading for weeks or months at a time, women ran homes and developed the ability to fend for themselves.And where does the royal family stand on the question of womens suffrage? Here too informed Kuwaitis differ. In 1999, under some pressure as a result of promises he had made to blow a fuse freedom in Kuwait after the 1990 Iraqi invasion, the emir lastly issued an requisite decree, while parliament was dissolved, granting women the right to vote. However, such decrees eventually must be ap testd by a majority vote when the national assembly reconvenes when it did, it rejected the measure by a vote of 32 to 30.Some Kuwaiti liberals, such as Mohammed Al-Jassem, contend that this legislative defeat represented a kind of victory for the democratic process, for what the parliament was tattle the emir, in Al-Jassems view, was that laws of such import should arise not by emergency decree but from the legislature. Others, such as Fatima Hussain, argue that the defeat of the measure merely reflected a lamentable lack of political will on the part of the government.Only one political group in Kuwait strongly opposes giving women the right to vote and that is the influential minority whose crowning(prenominal) aim is to make Muslim law not just one spring of Kuwaiti law, as the constitution declares, but the sole source of Kuwaiti law. I mentioned the Islamist view that Islam itself prohibits the participation of women in politics to the students at GUST, and wondered how such a religion could ever be reconciled with democracy. Shaikha Al-Ali, seven months pregnant and among those who had expressed little concern about lacking the vote, replied with firebrand in her voice and fire in her eyes that there was no problem because there was no contradiction surrounded by womens political participation and her interpretation of Islam.Nobody can say just when women in Kuwait will acquire the right to vote, but where the press is robust and free, where women avidly form voluntary organizations to help others and to advance their own interests, and where the willingness to be intimate between cultures and to submit ghostly questions to the authority of ones personal judgment becomes second nature, respect for the just claims of equality cant be far behind.Women in Saudi Arabia accessSaudi women become the principle problem of Saudi society. Women in Saudi society are different from women in any other Muslim societies where women have political and social rights. Islam set up rules to regulates the relationships between male and female. Some countries as, Saudi Arabia, is considered male societies and have no esteem for women. In Saudi Arabia, males are considered the backbone of the societies and women do not administer in any decisions about their lives. In this society women are forbidden their simplest rights as, discrimination against women is performed and the laws or other measures counteract discrimination are absence. The most important problems are education, working and marriage.BackgroundSaudi-Arabia is considered one of the countries that emphasize religious aspects without its spirit. Women cannot have higher levels of education. If they want to work, they cannot work in high position. They have limited places for work. They cannot share in any important discussion and cannot hold any political positions. Women cannot depend on themselves. They only listen to their familys orders without refusing. In Saudi Arabia, women cannot recognise her h usband who will share her life forever. authorities put wrong instructions for womens lives. They hide under Islams slogan, although Islam clarified womens rights in the society as, society is consider a combination between men and women and cannot be formed without one of the both.EducationIn the past Islam define the family as a social arrangement regulating the bond among men and women. At the beginning, Saudi Arabia used the right rules of Islam toward women as women were able to beat education in 1962 and were progressing in various fields. They were at the beginning to take their life like other Countries. The coming of Muslim brothers to Saudi Arabia sixties and seventies, escaping the tyranny of Gamal Abdel Naser and in Eighties , escaping the massacre of Muslim Brothers in Syria and their improver to Saudi citizenship and work in education.(Al-nabulsi). They controlled the education system and prevented the communication among gender. The society depends on the male pow er and authorities. Muslim Brothers thought that women are created only to be homemakers and bring children. Women were forbidden from their simplest rights that Islam has given to them. There are many countries like Pakistan, Indonesia and Malaysia where women have social and political rights. These countries are like Saudi Arabia in their emphasizing on their Islam, but they applied the true rules of the society. From age to age traditional and customs moved from placed to another place and women prevented from their rights in the life.Women at workBefore the spread of Islam, women were treated like animals. Islam raised the importance of women in the society and clarified all their rights to live a good life among male. During early Islam ages, women had the ability to be educated different types of educations and could work in the suitable places. The best example working women, the prophet wife who worked in the business. Saudi Arabia tried and true to follow the early Islamic ages, but authorities put wrong rules for womens lives. Women cannot complete their education to high levels as found in other countries. They must go to other countries to complete their educations. In their countries, they do not find uncommitted jobs for their educations because the society is male dominated which does not care about women. Women instance a lot of obstacles at work due to the different traditions and customs in the society. They cannot reach to high political position. According to Samar Fatany, chief broadcaster for Radio Jeddahs English account for fifty-five percent of Saudi graduates but make up just under workforce.MarriageOther problems that face women are marriage. Most women do not have the ability to choose their husband they only listen to their family orders. In this society male does not know the real value of women. According to the family physician Maha Alatta, in the article Saudi women pioneers Divorce and polygamy are particular problems The se two problem are considered the most problems facing women in these societies Male has the ability to marriage four wives, Islam stipulated the polygamy as, a msn must treat all wives fairly and equally. According to the article Saudi women struggle to confront the religious guise of male power Mohammed Saqr clarified that women were better than they arrived of Muslim Brothers as, women could go shopping without covering their face. Muslim Brothers change the lives without using Islam rules as they said.Discussing the SituationThere are a lot of conferences that were established to discuss womens problem in Saudi Arabia. According to the article Saudi Arabia Gross human rights abuse against women. Which clarified the imprint of Prince Turki Bin Mohammed, when he was asked in the conferences of Amnestys campaign against human rights about the problem of women he kept silent and said that suffering of women for no reasons other than their having been born female. In the same articl e, other examples of conferences that established for convention against worrying and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or penalization (CAT). Saudi Arabia has ratified several international labor organization (ILO) conventions. unmatched of the clear evidence about this problem what happened in Nejd, Asir and south region. As Amal al Ahmari said that female artists are forced to sign their work with pseudonym because Saudi society looks down on them. According to the to the lowest degree world view to Saudi women, ninety-five percent of women are consider homemakers and they preferred sons than daughters. There are a lot of example that prove that women have fought for political and civil equality, when Saudi women derived car during the gulf war, they were immediately arrested and those working were dismissed.ConclusionThe more pressures put on government in Saudi Arabia, the more conflicts in the society. Due to all these restrictions on women freedom, they leave th eir country to other countries enjoying all their right in different aspects of the life. No one can deny that a lot of women struggle and baffled their life to have their rights without any benefits. Problem of Saudi women remain a complex one where women become the social problem in the country. Women are forbidden their simplest rights. They cannot educate to higher levels or setup in high position or choose their husband. All these problems can be solved in many steps first the government must put new rules for the society including all rights of women as find in the Quran. Second, women must have the ability to educate, working in political position and have the ability to choose their husband. All other Arabic countries must help them to solve this problem by send professions in these problems.Women in SyriaIntroductionThe role of the Syrian women in their country is intensified nowadays in many aspects of life. This is recognized by many organizations in many Europe countrie s. The traditions of Syrian women is discussed by women called Asma Al Asaad.The very noble posture of the young, elegantly beautiful Syrian first lady, Asma al-Assad, at the breakfast meeting reminded me of Nizar Kabbanis words. Kabbani, studying at Damascus University, asks, Is it the Syrian woman who gives her beauty to Syria, or is it Syria that gives her an inner beauty, nobility and femininity?As Asma al-Assad was born and raised in London, she is often asked just how much she has integrated into Syrian culture. The first lady said while she was brisk in London she went to Syria every summer and neer found Syria or its culture strange. She described herself as embodying British-We stern culture. She show they have also started in Syria the kind of revolution developing countries are currently experiencing. She was mostly impressed by the appearance show she watched in Istanbul, and said that the striking synthesis of the traditional and innovative in the fashion world cou ld be applied to real life. She firmly believed the traditional and modern will unite. misfire is a very good model for us, Mrs. Assad said, stressing that bomb with its synthesis is a role model for the region. The greatest obstacles facing women living in freedom and independently are the customs and traditions, she stated in perfect English. Syria does not only lead Turkey by 10.4 percent in the number of women present in Parliament, it also overwhelmingly leads Turkey in women involvement in local politics. However, the woman is identified with her family not as an separate. The concepts of family and honor are binding for women in Arab culture.Though Mrs. Assad said, We keep asking for more, and we want more progress, it is obvious that the women involved in social and political events are all from the upper class. No woman from the middle or lower class can easily break through the invisible barriers. It is known that there were no civil society organizations (CSOs) until threesome years ago in Syria, where there is tight state control. Mrs. Assad, who tapers the first civil society organization that was established by the state, is also the head of the independent CSOs, most of them established under state control. The word womens lib in questions asked on feminism, headscarf and honor killings made her laugh slightly. I think this reaction stemmed from the conceptual structure of feminism in the East. Mrs. Assad tried to explain that there is individualism and an individual behind feminism, but the fact that Syrian culture is based on the family embraces the cultural structure with a different understanding. I listened to her without forgetting the 100 cases of honor killings that appeared in newspapers in 2000-2003. As I was listening to the first lady, I thought about the very colorful and diverse ethnic structure of Syria, where 30 percent of the population are Nusayris.Her role in the FamilyThe womans role as a mother, sister, wife and aunt i s important, not her individual rights and demands. 396 of the 767 business women in Syria are entrepreneurs who have established their own business. The newly established SYEA is the first association founded by young entrepreneurs. When she said, Syrian women are eager and ambitious, she made a practical(prenominal) point, in my opinion. Women are in secondary positions in the society, and the customs and traditions military press them under the mask of religion. Religion is a very private and individual matter, she insisted. What is essential is the Holy Quran, not practical religion, and we must look at this, Mrs. Assad said, adding that she also believed in the importance of reaching a consensus with religious scholars. Hence, they have launched an educational project to make religious scholars work for the betterment of women. This is very important, in my opinion, to get women involved through persuasion and education not by excluding themThe 20th century was that of men, and the 21st century will be that of women, she said as she was shaking hands with the participants. I believe a womans hand should reach out to the Middle East.Her role at WorkNowadays the role of the Arab Syrian women in husbandry is intensified is as Two IFAD evaluations published in 1999 provide an important perspective on the role of women in agriculture. In Syria, farming usually a household activity, except among the wealthier farm households. Information on labour in agriculture shows that the usual pattern is that women are completely responsible for caring for the bloodline and poultry. Grazing is the exception here men do an estimated 37% of the work. In harvest home production, women participate at all stages.Womens farm work in Syria usually involves the following activitiesplantingseeding, thinning, weedingharvestingfruit collectioncrop residual collection and pruninganimal feeding (which often requires keep going trips to the fields to collect fresh fodder) andmil king and egg collection.However, Syrian women have little role in marketing. In 91 % of households, marketing is a male task. There are obvious implications for control of income generated from the sale of produce or livestock. Rural women in Syria also tend to have little decision-making power within the household on the disposal of family income.A sociological survey of married rural women found that two thirds of them spent an average of six hours working outside the home. The other third spent seven to ten hours. While much of this time is likely to be spent on the above agricultural tasks, some also goes to fuel and water collection, particularly where sources are far from the home. In addition, women spend a considerable add of time on work within the home, such as baking hot bread, preparing meals and looking after children and the elderly. Like women everywhere, they try to combine household tasks and juicy tasks.Womens labour input is disproportion to their control of agr icultural resources. An FAO study in Syria found the following pattern of ownership among womenland only 5%animals about 7%-8%, but with variation according to the type of livestock and the area of the country (males own about 97% of sheep, 93% of cows, 96% of goats and even 98% of chickens) andAgricultural machinery 1%.The agrarian reform of the late seventies redistributed land to all farmers, and Sharis law rec