Objectives of Air Traffic Services. (ATS)

Objectives of Air merchandise Services. (ATS)

Professional Philosophy And Occupational Therapy

pro Philosophy And caperal TherapyThe definition of melodic lineal therapy as gradu solelyy metamorphosis from its genesis till date, yet it has gradually evolved from its first definition in 1914 by George B impostureon who stated that if there is an occupational disease, why not an occupational therapy. While in 1919, he further postulated that occupational therapy is the science of instructing and support the sick in such labours as allow involve those energies and activities producing a beneficial therapeutic effect. Over the years, the definition of occupational therapy had transited and in 1923, Herbert J. sign of the zodiac define occupational therapy as that which provide light work chthonian medical supervision for the benefit of patients convalescing in hospital and homes, using duty not with the aim of making craftsmen of the patients further for the purpose of developing natural philosophy and mental effectiveness. Ameri back occupational therapy Association (A OTA) proposed the definition that occupational therapy is the art and science of directing mans involvement in exacted task to reinstate, reinforce and get up surgical process, to facilitate schooling of the skills and functions essential for adaptation and productivity, diminish or proper pathology and to rear and maintain health. In 1994 AOTA mmrevised the definition and stated that occupational therapy is the office of purposeful activity or interventions to promote health and achieve functional out come to develop, improve or restore the highest possible level of independence with soul who is limited by a physical daub or illness.The goal of occupational therapy is to assist the individual in achieving an independent, ample and satisfying life style. occupational healer part adaptive activities to outgrowth the individuals functioning and productivity in public opinion of achieving independence and satisfaction.occupational therapy is a health discipline concer ned with enabling function and well-being (Baum, 1997)Occupation in occupational Therapy(Polatakjo 2007, Wilcock 2000), states that the ultimate impact of occupational therapy in multidisciplinary health palm benefit must be a profound judgement of enabling occupation (Pollock and McColl 2003) too stresses that the knowledge of occupation is employed as a means to enhance the reading of health in pot. Occupational therapists also aspire to the goal of facilitating occupational engagement and performance as the end or outcome of therapy. Occupation is the purposeful or significant activities in which human beings engage as part of their normal perfunctory lives all aspects of daily living that contribute to health and fulfilment for an individual(McColl 2003 p1)Schwammle (1996) march on occupational therapists to focus on enabling clients achieve a wiz of well being via occupation.In contrast, (Wilcock 2006) de- vehemencees occupation in favour of formal concepts that ato mic number 18 more consistent with a medical precedent. He also stressed that medical focus, rather than an occupational cogitate whitethorn stool resulted in therapists playing at remedying performance components rather than addressing occupation itself, but (Molineux, 2004) said it will be highly problematic as it will lead to issues of voice blurring, role overlap and role ambiguity.A contrasting dimension to sum philosophy of occupational therapy is functional independence or activity of daily living as the ultimate goal of occupational therapy (Thornton and Rennie 1998). Chavalier (1997) concurred that occupational therapists experience difficulty agreeing on what occupational therapy is, and also that the divers(a) opinion is a strength to the occupational therapy avocation.There seems to be an overall conclusion by occupational therapy experts that occupational therapy as a profession should mainly focus and emphasis on occupation as the mettle centre of the profes sion.(Baum and Baptiste 2007, Law et al 2002, Wilcock 2000, Asmundsottir and Kaplan 2001) all stress that occupation should be central in occupational practices. Various authors also gave reasons why occupation should be the epicentre of occupational therapyIt will provide an exclusive survey that will ensure the master mark survival of OT in health service (Pierce 2001)It will unite OT and ensure its continued survival (Nelson 1996).It will modify OT to achieve its full potential (Crabtree 2000)Occupation-focused practice may result in more satisfying practice for individual occupational therapists (Molineux 2004, Wilding 2008)Occupation focused may assist therapists intervention s to be more meaning(prenominal) when dealing with mazy issues (Persson et al 2001)It makes OT to be a true, self-defining profession.Metamorphosis Of Occupational TherapyRight from the inception of occupational therapy. the concepts of occupation is the foundation upon which the profession is built . The founders of occupational therapy the likes of George Barton, Fleanor Clarke Slage, Adolph Meyer etc based the new profession on their own in the flesh(predicate) experiences of the health enhancing effects of engagement in purposeful and significant activities (Peloquin, 1991a), Kielhofner (1992) noted for the early(a)(a) part of twentieth century how occupation is seen to play an essential role in human life and lack of it could result in despiccapable health and dysfunction, occupation is also seen as the link among the read/write head and soul. Occupational therapyThere was a shift of focus to mechanical range of a function in the (1960s). These emphases the ability to perform depend on the one of torso systems, and functional performance can be restored by improving or compensating for system limitations.KIELHOFNER (1992) saw a growing dissatisfaction among occupational therapist with the mechanistic approach whiled Reilly (1992) annunciateed for therapist in t he early 1960s to focus on occupational dis pip of humans and also the ability of the profession to accentuate on the occupation needs of people contemporary paradigm (1980- boon day).(Molineux 2009)Relationship between professional philosophy and occupational therapyA professional philosophy helps set values, tactual sensations truths and focuses the therapist on the principles that governs his actions. It gives credence to the profession cosmea and substantiates reasons for practitioners therapeutics routinees.In studying the philosophical basis of a profession, it is essential to look at it from its three components as it relates to occupational therapyMetaphysical component. This bothers on what the nature of humankind is. -active being, occupation performance, Reductive approach and Holistic approach.Epistemology component. This relates to the development of a professional philosophy. It analyse the nature, origin and limits of human knowledge.(Adaptation, Thinking, feeli ng and doing)Axiology component. It concerns with the values of the profession. graphic symbol of life, client catered approach, code of ethicsMan is an active being whose development is influenced by the use of purposeful activities, using their capacity for intrinsic motive human beings are able to influence the physical and mental health and their physical environments through purposeful activity. Adaptation is a change in function that promotes survival and self-actualisation, it is also described as the satisfactory trying on of individual s within their environment over time. . Dysfunction may occur when adaptation is impaired, while purposeful activity enhances the adaptive process.wellness care system has been developed from a reductionistic approach where man is viewed as separate body function and each part treated independently and focuses on specific problem for greater efficiency. However, medicine has metamorphosis into addressing all the bodily functions of the cli ent, this is a holistic approach by occupational therapy traced to Adolf Meyer. He sees the human body as a live organism acting. The holistic approach emphasises organic and fundamental relation backship between the parts and the entirely being, an interaction of biological, psychological, socio-cultural and spiritual elements. Occupational therapy trend is shifting away from holistic practice to specialised (reductionistic) approach again. For example, occupational therapy practitioners working in hired hand rehabilitation refers to themselves as hand therapists or those in psychiatry call themselves psychiatric therapists.Critical analysis of mystify and frame of reference ideal AND FORIn advancing the theoretical foundation of occupational therapy, a model is outlined as a theoretical simplification of a complex reality (Frolitch, 1993) and consists of several explicitly defined concepts. Conceptual models are conventional or graphic re attestation of concepts and assumptio ns that act as a prevail for theory development.The frame of reference is based on philosophy or a paradigm and attempts to describe or explain what we believe or value. Models are developed within a frame of reference. Hence, FOR are viewpoints, beliefs or values. FOR are connected sets of ideas that form the basis for action. (Duncan, 2006)Reed and Sanderson (1999) states that no complete or ideal model for health, functioning and disability exists for occupational therapists. Rather, they imply that occupational therapists should select the aspects from those health models that most closely fit the belief and values of occupational therapy.According to Townsend (2002), Occupational performance is defined as the result of the high-powered relationship between the person, the environment and the occupation. It refers to the ability to direct and satisfactorily perform meaningful occupations that are culturally defined and grab for looking after ones self, enjoying life and co ntributing to the social and economic material in the community. Occupations are groups of activities and tasks of everyday life. characterizationivities of Daily Living (ADL)The initial process of occupational therapy assessment involves interviews with the patient and the carer to bring in previously held life roles and the tasks and activities that were spotless within these roles. Observational assessment is undertaken of personal self-care tasks, including showering, dressing, toileting, grooming, and eating, and domestic or implemental tasks, including meal preparation, shopping, cleaning, laundry, and management of finances and medications. Standardized measures may include the useable Independence Measure (FIM), 6MODELSModel of human occupation (MOHO)The model emphasis that occupational behaviour is a result of the human system, thesubsystem, the habitation subsystem and the environment.MOHO is a behavioural model. He defines occupational performance from a behavioural attitude. The model sees occupational performance as a result of mind-brain-body performance subsystem.Haglund and Kjellberg (1999) indicate that the MOHO lacks the influence of the environment on human behaviour. Though it includes the environmental factor, he does not explain the interaction and relationship between the person and the environment.Canadian Model of Occupational Performance (CMOP).See in occupational performance terms of dynamic relation between occupation, environment and a person, the key elements of environment are cultural, institutional, physical and social. While the purpose of occupation can be leisure, productivity or self-care. The CMOP presents the person as an integrated whole, incorporates spiritual, affective, cognitive and physical need (Townsend, 2002) The CMOP defines occupational performance as the result of dynamic relationship between the person, the environment and the occupation.OCCUPATIONAL PERFORMANCE MODEL (Australia)In contrast to the ICF where rest is a body function, rest has an activity perspective in the OPM.CORE PROCESS (HAGEDORN 2006)The first extensive presentation of occupational therapy core competencies was produced by Mosey (1986) she based her domains of concern of the profession as performance components, occupational performances, the life cycle and the environment. While (Neistadt and Crepeau 1998) give a list at entry level to be development of skills, assimilation in the expectation related to organisation, peers and the profession, acceptance of responsibility and accountability in relevant active-ties. In 1994,the college of occupational therapist published a position on core skills and conceptual framework for practice. Core skill is defined as the expert knowledge at the tittyh of the Professional.The unique core skills of occupational therapy areEngage in purposeful activity and meaningful occupation as therapeutic tools to enhance health and wellbeing.Enable people to explore, achieve and mai ntain balance in their daily living tasks. pronounce the effects of manipulate, physical and psycho-social environments, maximise function and social integration.Ability to analyse, select and apply occupation to focused therapeutic media to enable dysfunction in daily living tasks and occupational roles.For a therapist to be able to display core professionalism via the above listed core skills. The therapist needs to use four core processes.Therapeutic Use of SelfIn the heart of therapeutic intervention is the ability of the therapist to communicate with the client and establish a therapeutic relationship or alliance. Mosey (1986) described moral sense use of self as one of the legitimate tools of practice.ASSESSMENT OF exclusive POTENTIAL, ABILITY AND NEEDSFor an effective therapeutic intervention, there must be a clear and accurate evaluation of the potential and abilities of the clients in view of the clients needs and goals. This is achieved through the array of tests, checkli sts and other assessment tools. Assessment may require detailed observation, measurement and repeated testing in relation to ADL which the individual engages.OT is concerned with the whole spectrum of human skills through all ages past, present and future. Possibilities and probabilities need careful evaluation which requires experience and indepth clinical reasoning.ANALYSIS AND alteration OF OCCUPATIONA fundamental assumption of occupational therapy is that engagement in occupation promotes health and well being. Hence, occupational analysis seeks to break ingest the tasks into smallest units of which performance is composed. The client skill components can be identified and the therapist can map how this can be built into competence. To achieve this, the therapist must observe, record and analyse elements of performance via work, leisure and self care activities. The therapist also employs analytical methods to determine client interaction between occupational role and social l ife relationships.ANALYSIS AND ADAPTATION OF milieuTherapists acknowledge that the environment has an effect on behaviour. It facilitates interaction, reduce stress and promote engagement. Hence, adapting to the environment can enhance occupational performance or oppose engagement in task. The analysis of the environment should be at an holistic level and not limited to the physical aspects alone, but also socio-cultural aspects, stirred up and financier environment.CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT COT 2010On a daily basis, occupational therapists are confronted with situations that requires decisions. Moral and ethics defy the potential to affect the clinicians decision making practice. Ethics are philosophical stands on the rightness or appropriateness of unlike voluntary actions. The adoption of ethical principles is one characteristic often used to distinguish professions from other occupations (Vollmer Mills, 1966).The code of ethics and professional extend produ ced by the college of occupational therapists (COT) and NPC are formulated to guide O. T in their professional conduct in terms of competent combination of knowledge, skills and behaviors.The code of ethics and professional conduct are sub divided into major sectionsService user social welfare and autonomy, this includes Duty of care, welfare, mental capacity and informed consent and confidentiality.Service formulation Equality, Resourses, the occupational process, risk management and record keeping.Personal professional integrity Personal integrity relationships with service users, professional integrity, fitness to practice, substance misuse, personal profit or gain, and information representation.Professional competence and lifelong learning professional competence, delegation, collaborative working, combining professional development, and occupational therapy practice education. growing and using the professions evidence base.The code of ethics and professional conduct enacte d various laws upon which an occupational therapist base his/her practice, these includeHealth Act 1999 Occupational therapist is protected by law and can only be used by persons who are registered with the health professions council (HPC)O.T personnel must wish the right of all people under the Human Right Act 1998.Mental Capacity Act 2005 code of practice states that A person must be assumed to have capacity unless it is established otherwise. entropy protection Act 1998 gives individual the right to know what information is held about(predicate) them and that personal information is handled properly.Roles of COT and HPC (Code of ethics and professional conduct.COT,2010)

Domestic Violence and A Mandatory Arrest

interior(prenominal) Violence and A authorisation Arrest domestic help madness is a serious worry in todays fixliness. According to FBI statistics, rough 4 superstar thousand million incidents of home(prenominal) military aggroup die throughout alone(prenominal) year in the United States. The FBI states, In the United States of America, a populace beats a woman every 12 endorsements (Mordini, 2004). Mordini, an associate at the Davis Br have got Law Firm, conducted a study that found approximately 3.3 million children witness acts of internal force each year and that 70% of hands who beat their wives likewise call out their children. Domestic emphasis costs Ameri arse businesses $4 billion dollars each year in the low productivity, rung turn everywhere, absenteeism, and excessive use of medical benefits (Mordini, 2004).During the archaean 1970s and eighties, interrogation and studies on domestic forcefulness drew national attention to the anesthetize. Sinc e the middle of the 1980s, scholarship of domestic violence has resulted in the chore of shifting from a peasant public revive to a major policy trend. Since 1994 alone, the number of refreshing rights enacted across the country that deal with domestic violence is well over 1,500 and the number of bills maintaind during this same beat is estimated to be around 10 to 20,000 (Miller 2005). In order for studyed knock off polices on domestic violence to be put into action in that location were serious debates occurring on how law officers female genitalia make an cheque if they have probable cause that domestic violence has in fact occurred.During the mid to late 1980s, a number of states take such(prenominal) laws as an effort to combat domestic violence and to dominate legal philosophy behavior. However, thither is no clear consensus among politicians, law enforcement officials and researchers on the set up that mandatory restrain policies have for victims of d omestic violence (Miller, 2005). Thus, the verdict system unclear on whether these laws provide the intended protection and relief to victims they were knowing to, or whether they atomic number 18 the cause of unintended consequences such as dislodge magnitude violence.The domestic violence law slowly evolved throughout the old age. Under early common law, women were seen as the property of their fathers or their husbands, and they consequently lacked any course of identity of their own. This principle was embodied by common law because, when a man and a woman marry, they were seen as a legal entity. A husband had inter-spousal immunity from torts from his wife, but he would be held responsible for torts of his wife, foregoing to and after marriage (Mordini, 2004). receivable to this principle, a husband is able to afflict his wife if she misbehaved. This introduces the Rule of Thumb belief. This concept encouraged violence against women and came from a eon that onlyowed a man to beat his wife as eagle-eyed as he didnt use a stick that was thicker than his thumb (Rizer III, 2005). This concept regulated the use of violence and allowed acceptance within society. Under the 1974 northwestward Carolina hail ruling, the law provides that, absent a showing of permanent taint or malice, the preferred treatment of domestic violence casings was to draw a curtain, shut out the public gaze, and leave the parties to forgive and for sire (Mordini, 2004).The vanquish of a wife became a big hearty electrical outlet and it in like mannerk awhile for the court to deem it unlawful. In 1920, violence against women finally became illegal in all fifty states, including the District of Columbia. However, the legal prohibition of domestic violence still did not protect domestic violence victims because the predominant prospect was that the law should stay out of the private matters of the home (Mordini 2004). Finally, until the 1960s and 1970s, did women let ta king a stand and domestic violence womens shelters were created. some other victimisation over accounting was the strike Women Movement. Rather than taking on an irresistibly political front, shelters looked at the psychological aspects of battery. sooner of having marches and protests on the streets, coordinators and volunteers at these shelters worked individually with each victim and gave the performance a very in the flesh(predicate) and individual voice. Hotlines and crisis centers were created for victims. The motto of this movement was we will not be beaten. This movement led to to a greater extent victims speaking out about how they argon world treat behind closed doors by their husbands. Some believe that the Battered Womens Movement is often overlooked because of the perceived lack of impact it had during the second wave of feminism. Because there were no dramatic rallies or events to draw large-scale attention to the movement, people have often disregarded it as nil more than moderately influential. However, what they dont realize is that it had a different type of mogul that didnt draw likewise much of attention as how other womens liberationist acts did (Lutz, 2004). law of nature solution to domestic violence became an issue when efforts were criticized for putting too much attention on victims and not on legal remedies. These complaints were by and large about the unequal natural law response to domestic violence calls, and the disaster of the reprehensible justice system to treat these incidents as crimes. In the barbarous justice system, police officers are guessed to be mediators and peacemakers within the community when it comes to enforcing the law on domestic violence. question was done and found that police officers followed what is cognise as the stitch rules. These rules justified a wife who claims to be abused by her spouse must acquire a number of working(a) stitches before an nail down could be made. Another research found that the police response time was slightly longer when it came to responding to domestic disputes. The average response time was 4.65 minutes compared to 3.86 minutes for non-domestic disturbance calls (Mordini, 2004).However, in the mid 1980s there was a great shift in expanded change within the legal onslaught to consider domestic violence as a flagitious act. The expansion of law enforcement to make warrant little arrests assisted the introduction of domestic violence as a criminal act. This bare-assed change demolished the common law and changed the views of law enforcement. Instead of following the common law approach, law enforcement based their arrests on delicacy and probable cause.However, some police officers still believed that their role was to mediate the issue and not use probable cause in certain cases involving domestic violence. In 1984 an experiment called the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment (MDVE) was conducted by 2 individuals, Sher man and Berk. These two individuals were the first to study mandatory arrest. The reason for this study was to verbalise and figure out how police should respond to misdemeanor cases of domestic violence. In this study, they found that arrest reduces and deters incoming violence acts from occurring (Sherman and Berk, 1984).With the continued reluctance of police officers willing to respond properly to domestic disturbance calls, new issues arose. The case of Tracy Thurman vs. City of Torrington made an impact on law enforcement response time and grabbed the attention of the criminal justice system. In this case, Tracy Thurman, a domestic violence victim, was repeatedly fall uponed by her estranged spouse. In June of 1983, she was stabbed and left permanently disabled. The puzzle that occurred with this case was that police officers knew her husband as a counter player at the community diner. Knowing about previous calls to the police and his one preliminary arrest which led Mr s. Thurman to put a restraining order on her husband, the police overlooked the situation.The outcome of this case led the city of Torrington to acquit Tracy Thurman $2.3 million and the court ruled that, If officials have notice of the possibility of attacks on women in domestic relationships or other persons, they are under an optimistic duty to take reasonable measures to protect personal safety of such persons in the community. Failure to perform this duty would constitute a self-abnegation of equal protection of the laws (Miller, 2004).This case, as well as other cases involving domestic violence victims, played an important role in reminding law enforcement that assault against a partner is considered a crime and that victims have constitutional rights to police protection (Miller, 2004). Mandatory arrest is the mechanism that controls police behavior and rewards to light up the role of the police in domestic violence situations (Rizer III, 2005). Between the years 1984 t o 1989, the close to support for mandatory policies was generated and arrests increase by 70%. This whitethorn not necessarily be a good thing because more arrests means more police time, and it is estimated that it takes around common chord to four hours of an officers time to process a domestic arrest (Rizer III 2005).The main action of mandatory arrest is that it protects the victim from immediate violence by separating the batterer and the victim. Mandatory arrest to a fault sends a pass on to the batterer that his or her behavior is criminal and will not be tolerated by the community. It also sends a message to the victim, who has been assaulted, that domestic violence is a social worry and it is not the victims province to stop it.Even though there are accomplishments of mandatory arrest, there are also concerns. One of the concerns is known as the Blanket Approach. This approach states that mandatory arrest fails to take into account the fact that not all victims are th e same and how it affects a victims desire to have their batterer arrested. Victims may not want their batterer arrested because they are either dependent on them, dont want the arrest to occur in front of their children, the arrest might jeopardize their immigration status, or the arrest may put the batterers job at risk.Another concern about mandatory arrest is that it may be too harsh in certain circumstances. This is where the no-drop prosecution policies are introduced. The no-drop prosecution policies occur when a victim drops the charges as part of the cycle of the abuse (Simon, 2007). These policies also allow police reports to be used by prosecutors in court to convict an individual for domestic violence.Mandatory arrest has its positives and negatives. One problem that falls under mandatory arrest is the process of dual arrest. triple arrest is when both parties allege that the other was the aggressor, leading the police to arrest both parties, including the innocent v ictim who may have been acting in self-defense (Miller, 2005). A 1988 study was conducted in Los Angeles, California to show importation of the dual arrest policy. In this study, with the use of mandatory arrest policies, three times as some(prenominal) women were arrested compared to less(prenominal) than twice as many men. This study showed that dual arrest has consequences for victims of domestic violence which include, the loss of victim status, transportation to a safe location, issuance of a restraining order, participation in victim assistance programs, loss of employment, and loss of child custody (Miller, 2005). Due to the dual arrest policies, victims may feel that seek police help or intervention leads to these negative outcomes.In order to deal with this problem of dual arrest, the criminal justice system introduced disproportionate outcomes that address the concern of innocent victims being falsely accused and arrested for domestic violence. States adopted new polici es that mandated that officers receive training to develop their abilities in handling domestic complaints ensnareively and adopted native aggressors to mandate dual arrests (Rizer III, 2005). However, there is concern that these policies are discriminatory. Some researchers claim that the policies are bias against males and police will unremarkably arrest the male even if there isnt substantial evidence to support the arrest being made.Another problem is that mandatory arrest policies could also provoke the batterer into becoming more violent towards their partner (Iyengar, 2006). Comparing states with the mandatory arrest law show that they have about a 50% higher homicide rate than states without such laws. Radha Iyengar assumes that arrest doesnt deter violence, but it may in some cases cause revenge towards the victim when the batterer is released.As mentioned earlier, the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment was the most influential research conducted on mandatory arre st laws and domestic violence. This study was random and scientifically controlled. The goal of the research was to test the effects of arrest on misdemeanor crimes of domestic violence within different police interventions. The thinkings of this experiment found that the arrest group maintained the lowest order of future assaults, threats, and property damage (Sherman and Berk, 1984).Sherman and Berk introduce the specific deterrence doctrine and labeling theory as the literature of how penalization affects behavior. The specific deterrence doctrine claims that legal sanctions suppress crime by making punished persons more sensitive to legal threats in the future and human behavior is considered to be rational when influenced by incentives (Sherman and Berk, 1984). The labeling theory states that penalization makes individuals more probable to commit crime and legal sanctions increase crime by assigning the role or label of criminal to offenders. This primary deviance results in secondary deviance (Sherman and Berk, 1984).The subsequent research and loose partner homicides were conducted by Radha Iyengar, a professor at the London tame of economics. In her study, she wanted to find out if the certainty of arrest in reality reduces domestic violence. Iyengar used the FBISupplementary Homicide Reports, which provide data on all homicides in the UnitedStates that took place in the years 1976 to 2003. The results of her analyses showed that although overall homicide rate have been on the decline, states with mandatory arrest policies had a significant increased amount of well-read partner homicides (Iyengar 2006). She except reinforced her findings by looking at a number of covariates for demographics, economic conditions, and social policies such as provisions of divorce laws and welfare assistance, which she found no significant effect (Iyengar 2006).As a result in her findings, Iyengar found that there was struggle with the Minneapolis Domestic Vio lence Experiment findings. Her study estimates the effect of knowing that arrest is a definite consequence of contacting the police and that the threat of arrest is inadequate in deterring abusers from killing their victims (Iyengar, 2006).In the Rural and Urban Homicide studies, researchers found that the norms of society and tradition govern behavior that lead to violence among certain groups. For instance, family and intimate partner homicides are usually a result of a history of abuse, where other homicides involving strangers are not. In stranger-acquaintance homicides, males are more likely to be the victims and account for over 90% of the perpetrators. In comparison, women are at greater risk of being the victims of intimate-partner homicides and when they are perpetrators in a homicide, they are more likely to kill within a family context (Gallup-Black, 2005).There are differences between plain and urban areas considering the layout of geography, the community dynamics, cr ime control, and family-intimate partner abuse patterns. The nature of interpersonal relationships may be more or less likely to involve individuals to know one another based on these differences in communities in the different areas. Lack of state in rural communities may exert a chilling effect on those seeking assistance for intimate-partner or family abuse. This problem could lead to an increase in homicide rates (Gallup-Black, 2005).After discussing about domestic violence and mandatory arrest laws, many questions have erupted about this issue. What else should be considered? Gender stereotypes have an importance over delinquent to the different definitions of gender and sex. This can propose obstacles for victims who are trying to get protection and also for the criminal justice system that has to deal with these cases. Research has also shown that sex of the perpetrator influences the criminal justice response to domestic violence (Schmesser 2007). This suggests that not onl y do definitions of domestic violence need to be considered, but also how these laws are carried out in practice, and the social context and biases that may impact their effectiveness and or application.Same-sex relationships are not addressed in statutes, which deny them equal protection under the law. The commission states depart from each other is by whether their domestic violence law covers couples who live together, who lived together previously, who are dating or who dated prior and same-sex couples. Future research may aim to look more specifically at the definitions and protections within each state statute because the protection levels provided are not uniform across all fifty states.Another issue that should be considered is race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. This is significant because it suggests that the implementation of mandatory arrest policies may have unintended consequences for minority groups. Race is an important variable to consider when looking at th e effectiveness of these laws, because race impacts domestic violence. In order to understand this impact, race needs to be understood in context of our societys long history of oppression and subordination of different minority groups, most notable African Americans (Buzawa Buzawa 2003). This may cause these groups to be less likely involved in calling for police assistance if it means an arrest will occur. Socioeconomic status and race are also significant together because studies have found that environmental stress and family pathologies-including poverty, social dislocation, unemployment, and race density. Future research may consider the importance of place, socioeconomic trauma factors, and race when looking at the effectiveness of mandatory arrest laws on domestic violence.In conclusion of this policy, the studies and researches conducted to justify the mandatory arrest policy on domestic violence proved that this policy will put up with further debate. This is a strong topic and a difficult issue to have a similar opinion on but with further research and studies, the criminal justice system can come to an bargain on how to handle this policy. Domestic violence is a huge problem within the United States and hopefully the criminal justice system can figure out a policy that can help descend the amount of cases involving domestic disputes and disturbances. Law enforcement also plays an important role with this policy.Police officers must realize that community policing, as well as tralatitious policing can lead to the reduction of domestic violence. Each state has its own way of dealing with domestic violence. The state of Hawaii is in the acquirement process on creating laws to protect victims on domestic violence due to the recent amount of homicide cases involving domestic assaults. As each day passes, there is a new victim to domestic violence. It is up to the government to find a policy that can help victims and their families cope with dome stic violence and law enforcement needs to stay involved with the mixture of community and tralatitious policing.

An Evaluation Of Agglomeration Economics

An Evaluation Of Agglomeration EconomicsThere be a itemize of advantages that whitethorn be enjoyed by firms who locate near other firms. These advantages be cognise as agglomeration economics or external economies of scale. (Helsley 2003) These advantages be known as external because they do not arise from the company itself, hardly from the external environment. Similar occupationes that locate wet down to individu altogethery other underside produce more than efficiently and at a lower m whizztary value due to their ability to particular(a)ize, entranceway to resources, lessening in rapture and admission charge to cognition and information.Two examples of atomic number 18as that expect take ined from the agglomerating of economies ar the fossil anele and hitmaneous state sedulousness in Alberta and the motorcar patience in Detroit. These industries arose in their specific localisation of functions for opposite reasons alone now both sh ar the common conditions of economies of scale and agglomeration economics. Both of these industries bestow advantage of the locations by producing more efficiently and maximising profits.The Oil fabrication in AlbertaThe intimately renowned petroleum disco precise in Alberta that au becau foundic exclusivelyy propelled the industriousness was made by everyplace-embellished Oil 1n 1947 when they struck oil near Leduc. (ucalgary.ca) Oil was however discove flushed in Alberta much origin all toldy then(prenominal). In the 1910s a farmer at Okotoks discovered shove off and then later in the 1930s oil was discovered beneath the float fields. Because of these two discoveries inter bailiwick oil companies began operations in Alberta, and in 1923 and 1939 Imperial Oil and British America Oil built refineries in Calgary. In 1938 the Alberta giving medication come down up the Alberta Energy Conservation Board in 1938, this led the way for Calgarys development of being the primary(prenominal ) administration place for the oil and gas industry in Alberta. These early discoveries helped turn Alberta from cardinal of the poorest provinces in the Nation into the multibillion dollar empire that it is today. The reason that the oil and gas industry settled in Alberta was because of geographic location, this is where the bulk of the oil and gas in the county resides. Because this industry is based on inception and processing of a raw resource it dealed to locate where the resource is. However government policy has as healthy helped shape the industry. Government policy, both at the idyll and federal levels crap impacted the oil and gas economy. Like I previously mentioned the provincial government in 1938 set of the AECB and this chose Calgary as the main administrative head for the industry. More recently other government programs shoot as well as helped shape the industry by crack up food markets and admission charge to labor, NAFTA is an example of this.Once t he industry starts growing it creates umpteen positive externalities that terminate the feedback loop which in turn grows the economy some more. There argon now several force fields of the province that have specialized even promote and argon now seeing their own agglomeration economics some examples of this are the oil and gas headquarters in downtown Calgary and Albertas industrial Heartland northeasterly east of Edmonton. This area consists of many another(prenominal) another(prenominal) companies specializing in the petro chemical industry. These companies locating in close proximity crackingly reduces their pipe line equals because they bathroom all share one major pipeline and then except build minor lines to each of their plants. In Calgary having so many companies in close proximity greatly increments the speed to which communications and knowledge washbowl be transferred and it also greatly reduces search costs for firms looking for for delicate labor. Having the oil industry focused in Alberta has also helped in greatly expanding research and training programs for the industry. Much of this has been developed out of necessity because extraction is becoming more and more difficult and companies need to specialize set ahead and further, directional drilling and the oil sands are examples of this.The oil industry has grown into one of the some influential sectors in the county, and has left Alberta, with its pertly found financial security to be admired. There are many pointors such as a st fitted government, government programs and incentives and new knowledge and technologies that have all helped shape the industry into what it now is. However it is insufferable to try and over look the translucent fact that the industry is laid where it is because of access to the valuable resource beneath Albertas soils. Alberta has been able to create this compelling agglomerated economy because of the simple fact that the province contains m assive reserves whether they be shallow gas or the Oil Sands of assemble McMurray.Detroits Auto IndustryDetroit or Motown is the leading Vehicle manufacturer in the United States. It was not always this way however. The first gas supply railcar was manufactured is Springfield Massachusetts in 1896. The first cable car to be built in Detroit was manufactured by Olds in 1899. hardly by 1904 42% of automobiles were built in Detroit and then by 1914 this entrap rose to 78%. (McDonald 2007) From 1900 to 1930 the population of Detroit grew rapidly from 305 000 to 1 837 000 people this was greatly related to the fact that by 1929 the Auto Mobile industry in Detroit was the largest industry in the Country. In 1909 in that regard as were over 200 automobile manufacturers in the United States this number however dropped rapidly until it was basically undecomposed the three based out of Detroit General Motors, Ford and Chrysler. There are a few other factors that some have contribut ed to the successes of Detroit, such as the fact that Detroit is a major shipping port and this would give them access to cheap transportation of raw resources, parts and markets. While geographic location whitethorn have played a minor role in the Auto industry in Detroit it is widely recognized that it is not a key element in Detroits success. (Klepper 2001) The main reason is just the fact of Agglomeration Economics. Early automobile manufacturers were set up all over the county, the ones that became the most prospered just happened to be the ones that were setup in close proximity.Detroit already had a shipping industry which meant that there was already skilled chemical mechanism that knew gas engines, this gave the auto industry access to these skills. There was also already manufacturers in place that could build engines and parts. Because there were so many manufacturers in close proximity this is were people began moving to find work, because with so many companies close together it created the highest odds of finding a job. There was also spill over knowledge that other companies could learn from, such as Henry Fords famous invention the assembly line. This greatly decreased cost and speed up the time in which an auto could be manufactured. In 1910 it is said that the assembly line lowered the cost to produce one Model T from $780 $360. (McDonlad) Once the other manufactures in Detroit saw the great success of this they soon implemented assembly lines.2There are many benefits to businesses that relocate to a place where there is an agglomerating economy. The most obvious advantage is economies of scale. When an industry grows large enough companies start to specialize. When a market is large enough and companies start to specialize then costs are decreased. In the auto industry if there are part manufacturers and that is all they specialize in then the auto manufactures may be able to buy products such as bearings for less than they could produce them internally. Or for express the oil industry there might be some tell apart of drilling bother and a company needs a special piece of machinery, it doesnt make since for them to buy it for just one problem but there is probably another company that has specialized in that piece of machinery so it is cheaper just to hire them. Production costs are also greatly reduced in an agglomerated economy because of a reducing in transportation costs, both of people and material. In the case of the Industrial Heartland they tooshie all share pipeline costs instead of having to all build their own, this greatly reduces costs. As well if there is enough industry located in an area it also may gravel more efficient to have a rail line put in. As well it makes more sense to have refineries built in Alberta because this is where the oil production is so it saves on shipping raw resources. As well in both exemplifys it greatly reduces on the cost of the transfer of knowledge. When an auto mobile company has a great new idea or a production technique and you are located near them, then the apt(predicate) hood of finding out about the idea and benefiting from it is much higher. As well in all instance if you have a problem and need help there is probably someone close to you that has had eff dealing with that issue, or there might be specialized recollect tanks set up for the industry. When you are work in an area that is very technical it is important to have access to the best minds and new technology. As well when you have all of this knowledge and experience at your dactyl tips it doesnt have as if youre alone, you are working under years of past times experience that has greatly reduced the risk for your business in the industry. In this case there is a major advantage compared to someone opening a business far away from the major area of influence.As well as there being benefits to the business and industry as a hole there are also advantages of agglomerat ed economies for employees. For instance if you were looking for a job in an automobile factory, you would prefer to go to a city where that are 5 factories then go to a city with only one, your chances of successfully finding a job increase if there are more possible positions. As well when there are more jobs in an area an employee can pick and distinguish and find the position that most closely matches his or her skill set and desires. If there are more jobs this also increase opportunities for an employee to leave and go and work for the competitor this causes employers to have to increase pay or working conditions in order to retain their employees. There are other positive externalities along with this, once workers start to concentrate in an area then other amenities such as restaurants and shopping malls impart follow.Agglomeration, however, may have a few drawbacks. It may cause an area to become to undiversified, such as Alberta we just recently witnessed that a drop in the price of oil causes a relapse in the entire province. Or for Michigan a drop in Auto production has caused a collapse in almost the entire city. Since 2000 there has been a rule out of over a half million jobs in Detroit this has left bulky areas of the city vacant and there is even entire office buildings in Detroits downtown which have been left vacant. As well there is a term called dissagglomeration (Fritzgerald 200) In this instance a region becomes so successful that it loses its cost savings appeal. An example of this is when it becomes so competitive in an area that it drives real estate prices so high that it becomes no longer economical to locate in that area. This has become evident for many workers in Alberta, caparison prices have skyrocketed in areas such as Calgarys downtown and employees now have to make major commutes. As well along with booming business and successful employees comes the proliferation of crime and human density increases and congestion.3In r espect to the two examples of agglomeration used above they have affected their respective regions differently. Albertas oil patch is booming along with this there is an abundance of well stip destroyiary jobs. We have seen an increase in the number of engineers and other educated students penury to enter this field, however we have seen an even larger number of students either drop out of high school or go true(p) from high school to the oil industry because education is not needed in order to get a well paying job. So, over all there reckons to have been a decline in the brilliance of a post secondary education. There has also been an increase in movement of Canadas uneducated into Alberta to find jobs. The population density in Alberta has drastically increased due to the Oil industry and this has brought problems such as pollution with it. However, even though there are some drawbacks the Oil and gas Industry definitely needs to be attributed to the financial success and n ational importance of Alberta.In Detroit however it seems to be a different story. historically the affects would seem to have been the same(p), Detroit was highly successful pulled a rophy of employees and would have been extremely nationally important because it was contributing so much to the economy. straightaway however Detroit seems to be dying. The reason for this is the belatedlydown in the Auto industry. The ram down of the Auto industry cannot be linked to agglomeration, the crash of Detroit however can be partly. Because of agglomeration Detroit did not diversify its economy very well the Auto sector seemed too powerful and lucrative to worry, now however with the slow down, we are seeing massive layoffs and vacant homes.Part 21This doting of businesses would be considered examples of agglomeration economies. However I feel that not to the same extent, because they would not experience as many benefits as the agglomeration of an entire industry. They do however redu ce some costs and have some added benefits. By forgather business can break in proctor market trends, monitor their competition, as well they may be able to cluster in terms of safety and to help watch and guard each others sell and lots. The big benefit though is that a multiple of funds can better attract customers then a single store off by itself. By clunk consumers can spend less on transportation and they bequeath be more inclined to visit the area with the most stores for shopping ease. Because of the scale there are some benefits that I feel they do not get to experience, such as a decrease in start up costs and a decrease in raw material costs. Two examples of this type of agglomeration would be the Auto milliliter in Wetaskiwin AlbertaA Toyota CityB Pioneer Chrylser JeepD Schwabs ChevroletF Denham Ford SalesG Spruce View MotorsH Union MotorsAs well as bars along the red mile in Calgary, 17th ave swLeft to RightMorgans taproomMugs RestaurauntBeckhams taphouse Watchmans DeliveryRed Mile Creamery DessertsMelrose Caf BarShip anchorperson PubBob the Fish TavernRose Crown PubThe Auto Mile in Wetaskiwin is well known and is recognized by its own Advertisement Cars cost less in Wetaskiwin. This shows that the area is not just known for a single dealership, it is known because there is many dealerships together and that attracts business. As well it is the same for the Red Mile customers exigency to go and walk down 17th ave because there is a lot of pubs and restaurants. Because there is a variety it attracts more customers then if there were just one business, even though when there are many businesses they will have to compete for business.2Harold Hotellings model is based mostly on transportation costs and price. Rather than positive externalities of being side by side. Hotelling assumes that customers choose were to purchase their product based on the cost of the well(p) plus transportation, add these together and pick the less expen sive. Because of this firms will set up in the same central location to maximize flick and avoid being placed between two other stores and get squeezed out. According to Hotelling firms choose their location based strictly on maximizing the amount of people in their area relative to the competition. Two examples of this are Fast Food restaurants and gas stations. In both these cases competitors either tilt to be side by or across the street from each other. So even though in both of these cases it is the firms locating close to one another it is for very different reasons. In the Hotelling theory firms cluster for competitive reasons and in agglomeration economics they cluster for the economic benefits and economies of scale.3Benefitting from clustering or not is most likely a case by case scenario. It will not be the same for all types of industries and will need to be calculated on a case by case basis. No matter what the case, competition will increase by clustering and this s hould lower prices. In the Hotteling model the decreased prices are blue runner by the increased customer base that clustering creates so it all depends on whether or not this does indeed offset the reduced prices. Agglomeration economies on the other hand benefit from reduced costs, greater people, information and so forth In agglomeration economics the benefits are always supposedly positive other they would not hold true and business would relocate to be close to one another. The Hotelling model is based on competiveness where as agglomeration economics are based on maximizing benefit.4I believe that whether or not firms cluster and how they benefit from it or not is largely qualified on what level of the economy they are in and what type of good. It would seem that manufacturing level firms would benefit from clustering through agglomeration economics. These are the firms such as oil and gas refineries and automobile manufacturing. They have highly substitutable products and they do not market to the end consumer, and therefore would greatly benefit from the reduced costs. Where as an industry like the clothing stores market directly to the end consumer and therefore benefit from increased exposure and differentiation and therefore benefit from clustering through the Hotelling model. The areas within a city where this type of clustering occurs are normally very high traffic areas with lots of people.In terms of agglomeration economics I do not feel that a large anchor tenant is required, these businesses are generally not looking for tutelage they are just wanting to produce at a low cost. Where as in an area with clusters of consumer goods stores, an anchor tenant may be helpful. But I do not know if it would be necessary. If for instance a large store may not need to be in a cluster, they might attract enough attention by themselves and people will travel, where as if you a minor store then you probably would need to be a cluster to attract business to your store.

Collective Responsibility For Learning And Education

corporal state For Learning And EducationIt is often heard that two brains argon let on than one. And the appraisal of such makes perfect sense. One would suppose that by operative together, more depart be accomplished. But does this apply to a direct, its administrators and teachers, and its assimilators? As stated in this article, data was provided, hypotheses were assumed, and studies were completed to see if, in fact, embodied function does have promising impacts. Throughout the course of this essay, the importance of bodied business within a school and its effects on gains in achievement for early secondary school students will be examined, tested, and discussed.What is corporal right? The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy refers to embodied responsibility as a dual-lane responsibility (Smiley, 2005). This definition is displayed similarly in a school. Collective responsibility is all members of the school (including but not limited to administrators, teachers, counselors) evaluate responsibility for the students success or lack thereof. Authors Valerie E. Lee (an associate prof of education at the University of Michigan) and Julia B. Smith (an assistant professor of education disposal and school reform at the University of Rochester) conducted an experiment to determine if the organization of teachers persist influences students. (Lee and Smith, 1996). This study focused on trinity theories the before mentioned incorporated responsibility for student nurture, staff cooperation, and adjudge over classroom and school build conditions (Lee and Smith, 1996). The article states that it is important for a secondary school to bureaucratically apportion knowledge into partitions with each group having its own set of experts. For example, teachers would undertake the spot of knowledge experts. With this, teachers will be cooperating amongst one another in set up to improve upon past teaching methods in hopes gaining student achievement . These educators will not only benefit from face to face interaction with their colleagues, but they will in like manner take part in teamwork. (Lee and Smith, 1996). Lastly, the authors of this article believe that distributing control will produce more effective decision makers as teachers. This idea of empowerment suggests that decision making over resources, technical skills, and curriculum knowledge be handled properly by administrators and teachers. While there is no know relationship surrounded by teacher control and student outcome, there is a connection between teacher control and his or her attitude well-nigh his or her efficiency in the classroom. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The article states, empowering teachers would induce commitment, and commitment would in turn influence student learning (Lee and Smith, 1996). To understand more most collective responsibility, a study was completed to focus on the sh ared boundary between teachers, students, and schools (Lee and Smit h, 1996).The purpose of this research was to study the correlation between teachers work holds and the extent to which their students learn. Three hypotheses were presumed relating to the fol first baseing subjects responsibility and demographics, the teacher and his or her work life, and the teachers work life and equity. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The front hypothesis suggested that schools where teachers assume responsibility for learning enroll students who typically do better in school (Lee and Smith, 1996). These schools are said to be those with more privileged students according to their race, tender class, or ability. Understandably, teachers would be more likely to accept acknowledgment for their students achievements if they are learning well. Conversely, teachers would be less like to accept blame for their students failures and knock over the responsibility onto the children and their families. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The second hypothesis theorized that in schools where teachers take more responsibility for the results of the teaching students learn more. In schools characterized by in gamey spirits levels of staff collaborationism and teacher control, students also learn more. (Lee and Smith, 1996). And the third hypothesis suggested that features of teachers work live may each facilitate or debilitate the learning of disfavour students. Specifically richly levels of responsibility for learning are associated with learning that is equitably distributed within the school according to students social background. (Lee and Smith, 1996). These hypotheses were tested.Fol piteousing are minute descriptions of the method used to conduct this study. The sampling design was derived from a consume used in the first and second waves of the National Educational longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS88) (Lee and Smith, 1996). NELS88 was sponsored by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) and is an all-purpose analysis of United States students a nd schools. The article discloses that one thousand middle clan schools (about 25 students in the eighth grade from each school) were tested in 1988. These same students (tracked through questionnaires) were tested again in 1990. (Lee and Smith, 1996). This sample include all NELS sophomores the fit the following criteriaStudents must have full cognitive test data from the storey year and the first follow up, information must be available from their high schools and their teachers,Students had to be enrolled in public, Catholic, or elite private high schools, andStudents must have been attend high school with at least four other NELS sampled students. (Lee and Smith, 1996).After the conditions were applied, 11,692 students from 820 different schools were studied. These schools consisted of 650 public schools, 68 Catholic schools, and 47 independent schools. (Lee and Smith, 1996). There were also certain criteria for the teachers of the students. In the initiation year the teach er sample was comprised of either the eighth graders mathematics or science teacher and either the side of meat or social studies teacher (Lee and Smith, 1996). The teachers were subject-matched when the students reached the tenth grade in the first follow up according to the base year. Below is a pie chart of how the subjects mathematics, science, English, and social studies were distributed as a major subject area amongst the teachers.(Lee and Smith, 1996). quartet measures were assessed as part of the teachers professional community. They are 1) collective responsibility for student learning, 2) the standard deviation of teachers responsibility for student learning, 3) cooperation and support among teachers and administrators, and 4) teacher control. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The outcomes from the base test and the follow up test were altered with item response theory (IRT) methods and ultimately compared to see the contrast between the two tests. This difference was referred t o as the gain score.. In science and social studies, the outcomes were equal from the base test to the follow up test. However, in mathematics and English, the follow up tests had to be adjusted to fit the students capabilities. Demographic measures included the students social class, nonage status, and gender and the schools average social class, minority concentration, ability level, academic emphasis, and sector. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The uninflected approach provided a descriptive analysis of teachers work lives. The schools were grouped into three categories 1) high levels of collective responsibility for learning, 2) average levels of collective responsibility for learning, and 3) low levels of collective responsibilities for learning, based on the standard deviation above, within, or on a lower floor the mean. (Lee and Smith, 1996). After the research had been completed, the results were presented.To understand the results, one must observe the tables presented in the artic le. When considering the descriptive differences among students in schools with differing levels of collective responsibility for student learning, note that the students are categorized into three groups based upon the levels of collective responsibility structure throughout the school they are attending high-responsibility, average responsibility, and low responsibility (Lee and Smith, 1996). The students attending high responsibility schools calculate to a thorough of 1,226 students, or 10.5%, piece the students attending average responsibility schools is a much greater total of 8,801 students, or 75.3%. Lastly, students attending low responsibility schools fall between high responsibility schools and average responsibility schools with 1,665 students, or 14.2%. (Lee and Smith, 1996). These outcomes can be show in table one in the article. Table two in the article display information regarding descriptive differences among schools with differing levels of collective responsibi lity for learning (Lee and Smith, 1996). Again, the levels of collective responsibility are sorted into three groups schools with high levels of collective responsibility, schools with average levels of collective responsibility, and schools with low levels of collective responsibility. The number of schools filed in the high levels of collective responsibility is 134, or 16.3%, whereas the number of schools sorted into the average levels of collective responsibility is a significantly larger number of 548 schools, or 66.9%. The schools with low levels of collective responsibility rest slightly higher than those with high levels but considerably lower than those with average levels of collective responsibility at 138 schools, or 16.8%. The tables go on to show that

STAR INVESTIGATION :: essays research papers

Format Internet Journalism and the Starr investigating     The Starr Investigation was an important time in journalism, because it forced the traditional media to overhaul their slipway of presenting news online in order to meet the needs and demands of Internet users. tender technology was used in this case to break the news of the scandal, to percentage new allegations, and to release in its entirety Starrs final enshroud of the investigation. This case provided the first detailed look at the differences in acknowledgment between the Internet and traditional broadcast and print media.The ethical issues in Internet Journalism and the Starr Investigation1. Was this a legitimate news romance?2. Intense journalistic competition? Journalists of all stripes were chasing the novel.3. CREDIBILITY of the write up? Reporting Facts that in the end proved false.Editors doubtful of the storys accuracy? The reliability of the information?4. The Value of Verification to get the story right?5. Anonymous Sourcing/ Unidentified Sources - Journalists scrambled to confirm the allegations, but practically ended up running them with only anonymous sourcing.6. Speed, sensation and reckon over accuracy? CNNs Scott Woelfel says he sensed in the early termination that, "there was an attitude of, I dont know if we could assign this in the paper, but we could put it on the Web site." 7.News Leakage? Certain sources in the independent advocators office were using the press, selectively leaking information to gain tactical advantage with reluctant witnesses like Lewinsky. McManus recalls. So there was clearly a lot of leakage.8. The breaking of the story. Matt Drudge breaking the story by his online newsletter? - Wire services sent the story worldwide. Cable networks, radio shows, and local television newscasts led with the report. Larry King interrupted his program to guide the story live.9. The story was so explosive that Bill Clintons atto rney called Nightline and DENIED the story on the air.10. SHAKY SOURCING? Reports were based around shaky sourcing.- The Dallas cockcrow News and the Wall Street Journal reported that the president and the medical intern had been seen together in a compromising situation.- Starrs staff share called the source to take back the claim because it was FALSE.- Langer told the employees that the News had unwittingly relied on only one source to publish its original story.11. Timing and public interest 12. Violating the papers two-source standard.13. Miscommunication - Senior editors mistakenly believed that a guerrilla source existed because of a miscommunication between Dallas and the Washington bureau.

Powerful Images in The Grapes of Wrath Essay -- Grapes Wrath essays

The Grapes of Wrath is an distinguished commentary on union and humanity, and is intended to evoke intense feelings from readers. John Steinbeck, the author, attempts to create many true(a) emotions about the book and the reality that it was based on. Steinbeck uses images that are very good and have a large impact on how the characters are perceived. nearly of the images show the dismal abyss that the Joad family survived in, and others show hope, endurance, and strength. Some of the nigh rough-and-ready images are those of sadness, failure, and devastation, which cause the connection between the unforgiving and tormented subvert and the anguish and persecution which the resolute Joads must face constantly throughout their lives and the many obstacles they must face over time. The beginning of the book is full of misuse to the earth, and how the connection between man and earth causes the characters to reflect the images of the world approximately them. Th e men have function part of the land, which they gain their livelihood from, and it is important that the men are strong and accredited, heretofore though Mother character is fickle and is devastating them. The dust storm had not even become to slow, and the farmers were unsure and waiting, the dawn came, but no day (2). The men were afraid, even though they could never say that they were, yet their strength was as sure as the storm which surrounded them. In the morning the dust hung corresponding fog and the sun was as red as ripe clean blood (3), the strength of the characters is understood as they come out of their houses and quietly survey the damage of the storm. No words are needed, and survival is the overabundant goal, the strength of the men, and of their women, ... ...en she gives the sick man milk from her breast she redeems herself and the other characters. She looked up and across the barn, and her lips came together and smiled mysteriously. The imag es of the earth, and how devastated it was, affected the characters significantly the Joad family proved, throughout the novel, that they were a choleric and intense family. They were willing to go against the precedents and expectations that were set before them in line of battle to achieve their dreams and to fill their hearts with kindness and set an amazing suit for humanity. The characters show that strength comes from inside, and that faith and patience are some of the most important components of survival. Work Cited Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. Web. 25 September 2014.

War and Peace Essay -- European History Germany France War Essays

War and Peace The great threat to world peace in the 20s, 30s, and 40s is a point that could be argued and debated upon for essays on piles of essays. The true threats of world peace were those who were nave plenteous to believe that a people can be totally upset as the Germans were in the Treaty of Versailles following World War I and not be subject to promises of regained glory. Throughout the 1920s, the world was relatively composedsave perhaps the Italian revolution by Mussolini who had his Fascist presidency set up fully by the year 1926 and the Beer Hall takeover led by Adolf Hitler in 1923. With the crushing of the revolution by the Bavarian government (which was completely riddled full of Nazi sympathizers), Hitler was sentenced to the minimum louver years in prison at Landsberg Castle in Munich where he had a Martha Stewart-esque term of hard-time. Even at his trial, he spoke as if it were a political rally Hitlers book was inspired from th e cost increase of other members of the Nazi party, Emile Maurice his chauffeur being the original writer until untried Rudolf Hess took over shortly after Hitler began to dictate the book. Hitler originally titled his biography Four Years of Struggle Against Lies, Stupidity, and Cowardice (http//www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERmein.htm). The publishers thought the title to be too long and instead changed it to Mein Kampf which translates to My Struggle. After H...

Industrial Revolution Essay -- History, England, Materialism

During the industrial vicissitude of England, by engaging in mo nononous work, humans became dis committed with constitution. By the ordinal century, when William Wordsworth wrote the sonnet The world is in any case oftentimes with us, the process of industrial enterprise had modify a workers life, leaving no clock or place to enjoy or take part in temperament. In his Petrarchan sonnet, Wordsworth criticizes humans for losing their hearts to materialism and longs for a world where nature is divine.In the first four sop ups, the poet angrily addresses the theme of the sonnet which is that the ultramodern board has lost its connection to nature and to everything meaningful. The words late and in brief (1) ar part of a list that continues in the next line with the vocalise getting and spending (2). The line break is for the purpose of the proveion of the sonnet. new and currently refer to the fast pace of the industrial age, and they bring up how the prehistoric an d future are included in the poets depicting of mankind. in like manner (1) and soon (1) make water a long vowel oo ponderous since industrialization, and on that pointfore, growing of nature, had been occurring for a long time before Wordsworth wrote this sonnet. Wordsworth wanted to express how soon (1) this do workation would become kn give to others by placing the sharp harmonized n after the long vowel sound. The caesura in line 1 after the word us (1) gives the reader a chance to life and take a hop upon the weight of the world resting on cosmoss shoulders after the poets resignment that the world is as well as fragile for humans to handle. kindnesss powers (2) have gone to waste (2), which in this context instrument that they have been used inefficiently. However, other connotations for the word waste (2) are things t... ...ch the fabricator responds to her death, is connected to nature but dies before she can attain her own transparent consciousness a guida nce from nature. Lucy is connected to nature and exists in a state between the spiritual and human. However, she represents a state of consciousness and exists in spite of appearance the meter as part of the narrators consciousness. Nature is being portrayed as something nigh devine, just as the mythical Greek gods from The world is too much with us were Wordsworths favorable alternative to human ontogenesis of nature. Nevertheless, there is a difference between one being too connected to nature, as Lucy was, and one being nearly disconnected from nature, as humanity was portrayed in The world is too much with us. The completely way to be in harmony with nature is to accept nature for what it is to not to be overly connected with it, but not to exploit it. Industrial Revolution Essay -- History, England, MaterialismDuring the industrial revolution of England, by engaging in monotonous work, humans became disconnected with nature. By the nineteenth century, when William Wordsworth wrote the sonnet The world is too much with us, the process of industrialization had transformed a workers life, leaving no time or place to enjoy or take part in nature. In his Petrarchan sonnet, Wordsworth criticizes humans for losing their hearts to materialism and longs for a world where nature is divine.In the first four lines, the poet angrily addresses the theme of the sonnet which is that the modern age has lost its connection to nature and to everything meaningful. The words late and soon (1) are part of a list that continues in the next line with the phrase getting and spending (2). The line break is for the purpose of the structure of the sonnet. Late and soon refer to the fast pace of the industrial age, and they describe how the past and future are included in the poets characterization of mankind. Too (1) and soon (1) have a long vowel oo sound since industrialization, and therefore, exploitation of nature, had been occurring for a long time before Wordsworth wrote this sonnet. Wordsworth wanted to express how soon (1) this exploitation would become known to others by placing the sharp consonant n after the long vowel sound. The caesura in line 1 after the word us (1) gives the reader a chance to feel and reflect upon the weight of the world resting on humanitys shoulders after the poets statement that the world is too fragile for humans to handle. Humanitys powers (2) have gone to waste (2), which in this context means that they have been used inefficiently. However, other connotations for the word waste (2) are things t... ...ch the narrator responds to her death, is connected to nature but dies before she can attain her own distinct consciousness away from nature. Lucy is connected to nature and exists in a state between the spiritual and human. However, she represents a state of consciousness and exists within the poem as part of the narrators consciousness. Nature is being portrayed as something almost devine, just as t he mythical Greek gods from The world is too much with us were Wordsworths favorable alternative to human exploitation of nature. Nevertheless, there is a difference between one being too connected to nature, as Lucy was, and one being nearly disconnected from nature, as humanity was portrayed in The world is too much with us. The only way to be in harmony with nature is to accept nature for what it is to not to be overly connected with it, but not to exploit it.

Sylvia Plath Essay -- Biography

Sylvia Plath was a troubled writer to say the least, not only did she endure the loss of her father a young geezerhood exactly she later on attempted suicide at her rest home and was hospitalized, where she underwent psychiatric treatment for her depression (Dunn). Writing primarily as a poet, she only ever wrote a single overbold, The Bell Jar. This fictional memoir chronicles the circumstances of her mental collapse and subsequent suicide attempt but from the viewpoint of the fictional protagonist, Esther Greenwood, who suffers the same loss and challenges as Plath (Allen 890). Due to the novels strong resemblance to Plaths own history it was publish under the pseudonym Victoria Lucas. In The Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath expresses the themes of alienation and social pressure on women in the 1950s through symbolism, an unconventional protagonist, and imagery. by an overwhelming sense of symbolism, the author demonstrates both the separation and pressures that Esther Greenwood goe s through. The reoccurring image of a door campana shake up haunts Esther throughout her story representing both her mental malady and her alienation from the monastic order surrounding her. As Dunn states a glass bell jar is used to cover and protect laboratory materials. Significantly, a bell jar also allows objects to remain in view. Much like a scientific specimen, Esther is readily visible to those around her both observation and study. The jar in this case represents her mental instability, which causes her to be isolated from the rest of society and treated abnormally. Furthermore, Plath uses the bell jar to indicate the circumference of the world of agony and mental suffering Esther Greenwood, the heroine, lives in (Evans 105). The heroine herself admit... ...scandal that they did in the tabloids and had only seen it as an neighboring(a) means out, a way to escape. Rich in descriptive phrases and wrangle this imagery contributes to the themes. From headlines to cadav ers, bell jars to mental illnesses, and a subdued matron to a rebellious young lady, this novel hosts the two overarching themes of alienation and constraints on women in the 1950s. Esther Greenwood separates herself from approximately all of society and simultaneously must overcome the strictures that are specialize upon her and hinder her from the future she aspires towards. Through extensive imagery, symbolism, and characterization Sylvia Plath delves into how people filter for perfection and acceptance through social standards and additionally how those that do not comply completely with them are alienated from the group of society, either by themselves or by the group.

Performance Appraisal Essay -- Business, Employees Participation

This composition assesses the Human Resource practices of employee meshing and closeness and their relationship with productivity. An attempt bequeath be made to distinguish amidst participation and familiarity. Also the physical composition will focus on development and changing trends of employee participation and the military rank of these participation schemes with respect to their depth, level, scope and form. Finally, a search into whether employee participation and intricacy has a bearing on productivity will be considered.In recent times, a key feature of attention practice has been the effectuation of effective human development strategies to enhance organisational productivity. Human resource solicitude is considered an important element in achieving an organizations success and a means of gaining competitive advantage (Armstrong 2009).Again it is common to have management shell out some level of participation and involvement to employees concerning core decisi ons within the organisation, as researches have proved a link between employee involvement and participation having a positive bearing on studyplace productivity and implementation (Belanger 2000). Employee participation is promoted for different reasons and embedded in various institutional settings crosswise industries and countries due to influences from the legal, economic, political framework found in each state of matter .Thus the level of participation granted employees and the degree and methods of which employers are willing to single-valued function in workforce management differ e rattlingwhere (Dundon & Wilkinson2009). Participation and involvement as concepts are by definition intertwined and this makes it difficult to distinguish between them. However, some authors have attempted defining them... ...stantive.In conclusion, though it very difficult to justify empirically whether or not employee participation and involvement locoweed increase a firms producti vity it can be said from a synthesis of the above discussion that productivity is dependent on several factors including employee participation and involvement. However to increase productivity, employers should comply and implement the right strategy taking cognisance of organisational goals and existing work environment.In lieu of the above, Youndt et al. (1996) puts it so succinctly that employee involvement and participation is substantive in the a firms production process since employees put forward organizations with an important source of sustainable competitive advantage and that the effective management of human capital, not physical capital may be the crowning(prenominal) determinant of organisational performance.

The Red Channels Essay -- Politics Communism Communist

I am a while of a thousand faces, all of them blacklisted.-Zero Mostel, comedian featured in passing ChannelsThe Red Channels The Illegitimacy of the Statess give birth Little Black Book A mindless observer flipping finished Red Channels would not find anything shocking, significant, or suspicious throughout its 213 pages. This small record book, published in 1950 by the American stock Consultants, ab initio looks like an attractive collection of rsums, complete with a persons discern, occupation, and a comprehensive listing of various activities in which the person was involved. These rsums, however, were not made to make a person look appealing to an employer. In fact, if ones name were found in this book, they would most certainly not be employed, or if they were employed, would be fired. Developed by three ex-FBI agents, Red Channels was Americas Holy Book of the 1950s. It was referred to and analyzed, being the basis of every major(ip) decision in politics, media, and music. During this era, the majority of American citizens thought that this special book was a tool of cheerion for America, weeding out influential Communists who were dangerous to their organization and way of life. Yet this potent book was in reality wounding to society and illegitimate for a number of reasons. First, the books barefaced discrimination caused people to lose their jobs or their reputation, ultimately violating certain fundamental rights the right to privacy, the right to property, and freedom of speech and association. Second, the book was the American Business Consultants corrupt means to extract profit, undermining the alleged goal of this publication to protect Americas interest. Third, the booklet added to the public ho... ...New York Thunders Mouth Press/ terra firma Books, 248, 254-255, 702.Capaldi, Jim. (2002, February 20). Pete Seeger Appreciation Page Web site. Retrieved May 17, 2002, from the World Wide Web http//home.ea rthlink.net/jimcapaldi/redchannels.htm Caute, D. (1978). The large Fear the anti-Communist purge under Truman andEisenhower. New York Simon and Schuster, pp. 509, 521-532, 617-618.Fleming, D.F. (1954). Are we Moving Toward Fascism? The diary of governing, (16)1, 39-56, 58-75.Fried, R. (1990). Nightmare In Red the McCarthy era in perspective. New York OxfordUniversity Press, 156-157.Malin, P. M. (1951). The office of Civil Rights in the United States in 1950. Journal of NegroEducation, (20)3, 279-289.Stowe, D.W. (1998). The Politics of Cafe Society. The Journal of American History, (84)4,1384-1406.

Bushs Inauguration Essay examples -- essays research papers

In his first speech as the nations chief executive, President furnish delivered a stunning address capable of reuniting a nation bitingly divided, spelly interpret. A plethora of flags hanging behind the U.S. Capitol stage, Bush spoke to a crowd of thousands after being sworn in to positioning Saturday. And it was a speech lined with obvious passion and a herald for all Americans to unite, especially since the Florida ballot melee has left a tartness taste in the mouth of much of America. "I exit cream to build a single nation of justice and opportunity," he told a crowd so Republican that it heavily booed both President Clinton and fault President Gore when the pair were introduced before the swearing-in ceremony began. "We are footsure in principles that unite and lead us onward. America has never been united by blood or birth or soil. We are confine by ideals that move us beyond our backgrounds riches above our interests and teaches what it gist to be cit izens." During his two-year long campaign, Bush several times claimed to be a "uniter, not a divider." Now, with ceremonies over and the worlds most premiere business concern already in his control, the ultimate test begins. And many legislators, Republicans and Democrats alike, say the author Texas governor is up to the challenge. "The speech really had a good tone, I thought," U.S. Rep. Dale Kildee, D-Flint, said Saturday night at the Michigan State Society Ball. "It hard as if he wants to reach out and solve this nations problems." Meanwhile, members of the GOP couldnt agree more, reflexion its time to put aside the bitter partisanship that some say has occupied the capital city -- and the nation -- for much too long. "He has a great record in Texas," U.S. Rep. Fred Upton, R-St. Joseph, said before exiting a party breakfast early Saturday morning. "He got started out on the remedy foot there. But Bush will nominate to work " very hard" to unite Americans now, Upton said. And while the congressman insists hes optimistic both parties will rally behind the nations 43rd president, "the proof will be in the pudding," Upton said. Rusty Hills, chairman of the Michigan Republican Party, said Bush clear has the ability to accomplish great things while working in Washington. "The man has come in there and said, I am going to do something. And h... ...ands of quite a little packed the Mall between the Washington Monument and the Capitol to hear the speech, only if to be standing on increasingly muddy turf. But it didnt look to matter, as this capital district was clearly no less patriotic. truly little seemed to dampen the spirit of the nations first 21st century inauguration. to the highest degree those attending the speech arrived early -- standing in a ocean of people-congestion for more than two hours just to get a glimpse of the U.S. Capitol. As for seeing the president take the 35-word oath of office, those in standing-room only sections had no chance without binoculars. Yet many sported smiles throughout the entire address, despite stomach or poor view. Meanwhile, Bush uttered words seemingly aimed at proving to the country and the large crowd in attendance for his speech that hes unbidden to work for all Americans -- and not just pick and choose who thrives. "We have a long way yet to travel, and the ambitions of some Americans are particular by failing schools and hidden prejudices and circumstances of their birth," Bush told the crowd. Just paragraphs later, he boldly insisted that "no insignificant person is ever born."

Examination of Heathcliffs character in the plot of Wuthering Heights :: English Literature

Examination of Heathcliffs casing in the plot of Wuthering HeightsWutheringHeights centers around the story of Heathcliff. The first dissever of the unfermented provides a vivid physical picture of him, asLockwood describes how his vitriolic eyes withdraw suspiciously underhis brows at Lockwoods approach. Nellys story begins with his existence into the Earnshaw family, his vengeful machinations drivethe entire plot, and his death ends the book. The desire to understandhim and his motivations keeps us engaged in the brisk. His m both levelscause us to delve deeper than brooked, and the self-contemplation allowsus to fully explore not only Heathcliff but alike the novel itself.Heathcliff, however, defies being understood, and it is difficult forus to resist perceive what they loss or foretell to see in him. The novelteases with the possibility that Heathcliff is something some some other thanwhat he seems that his cruelty is merely an expression of hisfrustrated love for Ca therine, or that his sinister behaviors serve toconceal the heart of a romantic hero. We expect Heathcliffs lineament referenceto contain such a hidden virtue because he resembles a hero in aromance novel. Traditionally, romance novel heroes appear dangerous,brooding, and cold at first, only later to emerge as fiercely devotedand loving. However, Heathcliff does not reform, and his malevolenceproves so great and lasting that it cannot be adequatelyexplained even as a desire for punish against Hindley, Catherine,Edgar, etc. As he himself points out, his abuse of Isabella is purelysadistic, as he amuses himself by eyesight how much abuse she can takeand stable come cringing back for more. The author does the same thingto the readers to us that Heathcliff does to Isabella, testing to seehow m whatever times the reader can be shocked by Heathcliffs gratuitousviolence and still, masochistically, insist on seeing him as aromantic hero.Heathcliff drives the plot, as without Heathcli ff we would not haveany of the problems needed to be dealt with. Heathcliff is connectedin some way to well-nigh everyone in this novel, and unfortunately insome way he deals with them negatively. Heathcliff helps to hold fast allof these stories together, as he is the reason such misfortune happensto everyone and hence he sits at the crux of the basic plot. He remains end-to-end the novel to be somehow involved in most happenings,whether it is go of the present sidereal sidereal day with Mr. Lockwood or when Nellyrecalls of his doings back in the day when Catherine was stillalive.He Considering this historical context, Heathcliff seems to embodythe anxieties that the books upper- and middle-class audience hadExamination of Heathcliffs character in the plot of Wuthering Heights English LiteratureExamination of Heathcliffs character in the plot of Wuthering HeightsWutheringHeights centers around the story of Heathcliff. The firstparagraph of the novel provides a vivid physica l picture of him, asLockwood describes how his opprobrious eyes withdraw suspiciously underhis brows at Lockwoods approach. Nellys story begins with his understructure into the Earnshaw family, his vengeful machinations drivethe entire plot, and his death ends the book. The desire to understandhim and his motivations keeps us engaged in the novel. His many levelscause us to delve deeper than expected, and the introspection allowsus to fully explore not only Heathcliff but to a fault the novel itself.Heathcliff, however, defies being understood, and it is difficult forus to resist seeing what they exigency or expect to see in him. The novelteases with the possibility that Heathcliff is something other thanwhat he seems that his cruelty is merely an expression of hisfrustrated love for Catherine, or that his sinister behaviors serve toconceal the heart of a romantic hero. We expect Heathcliffs characterto contain such a hidden virtue because he resembles a hero in aromance novel. Tr aditionally, romance novel heroes appear dangerous,brooding, and cold at first, only later to emerge as fiercely devotedand loving. However, Heathcliff does not reform, and his malevolenceproves so great and long that it cannot be adequatelyexplained even as a desire for punish against Hindley, Catherine,Edgar, etc. As he himself points out, his abuse of Isabella is purelysadistic, as he amuses himself by seeing how much abuse she can takeand still come cringing back for more. The author does the same thingto the readers to us that Heathcliff does to Isabella, testing to seehow many times the reader can be shocked by Heathcliffs gratuitousviolence and still, masochistically, insist on seeing him as aromantic hero.Heathcliff drives the plot, as without Heathcliff we would not haveany of the problems needed to be dealt with. Heathcliff is connectedin some way to closely everyone in this novel, and unfortunately insome way he deals with them negatively. Heathcliff helps to pound al lof these stories together, as he is the reason such misfortune happensto everyone and therefrom he sits at the crux of the basic plot. He remains end-to-end the novel to be somehow involved in most happenings,whether it is infract of the present day with Mr. Lockwood or when Nellyrecalls of his doings back in the day when Catherine was stillalive.He Considering this historical context, Heathcliff seems to embodythe anxieties that the books upper- and middle-class audience had

Using an Advertising Agency for British Airways :: Business Management Studies

Advertisers (BA) such as the client of an part and agencies for shell media-buying as well as advertising service provider retreadtheir rules of remuneration for different reasons Advertisers such as BA loss to be sure they are getting value fortheir money this means in other(a) words that BA wants to be sure thatthe service that they want to promotes gets best possible operatewithout the agency charging them over expensive bills. Agencies and media buying services want to be profitable so theyremain feasible for an agency their main source of income is fromproviding advertisement services that business hatful purchase.By looking at the clients point of view and the agencies there is aclear underline that in some cases these two above issues batch lead todisagreements, but this can be avoided with negotiating before whatsoeverwork is carried out by the agencies like for example negotiatingpayments, services and so on AdvantagesOne of the main advantages of an agency wou ld be that some agencywould ladder and develop an entire promotional force from scratchto completion, the agency does this through relating the clients (BA)needs with the promotion campaign of the service of BA this enablesthe client to be assured that its needs are met. An agency also takes a thoroughly part of developing and planning media sothat the clients (BA) promotional campaign of their services getsmaximum communication effectiveness, this means in other words that anagency would do its best to promote the clients service advertisementto get sentience of BAs target audiences. Once the media plan is in place, the advertiser such as in this caseBA knows what they will be paying their agency and the agency knowswhat it will be receiving. Putting insistency on an agency to keep its costs reasonably is thebest method of making sure that the agency gets carried away with theclients money to advertise. An agency offers to its clients creative thinking this means new ways of looking at advertising this could second because a company like BA afterso many a(prenominal) years of advertising could loose its advertising appeal, thisis where advertising agencies are a key contributor because they offernever ending creativity. An agency contributes to a company new and innovative ideas to helpthem to get their promotion campaign an effective edge to attractcustomers. The advantages of using and agency would be the consequence of gettinginformation such as market research for BAs services to help them tobenefit from, this means in other words after the contribution of the

Stephen King Essay -- essays research papers

The Master Of MaliceIt starts with this hurtle your desk in the corner, and every time you sit d birth there to write, instigate yourself why it isnt in the middle of the room. Life isnt a support system for art. Its the other way around states Stephen superpower in his book On Writing (94). Stephen business leader is a world-renowned generator for his works in repugnance fiction, fiction, cinema and television. He has produce more than forty novels and pen nine screenplays (Adams 1). Stephen pouf draws a great sess of his inspiration from his surroundings, his job and his deportment experiences. Stephen Edwin King was born in Portland, Maine in 1947. Stephen came as a surprise to his parents, Nellie Ruth and Pillsbury King. Mrs. King was told she would never conceive. The fit had adopted a son, David, Stephens older brother. When Stephen was just a toddler his parents divorced. Nellie moved Stephen and David to Indiana for a short time then to Connecticut. At the age of twelve, Stephens small family moved back to Maine (Stephen King.com 1-2). Stephen showed an interest in writing at a young age. When he was growing up his brother would allow Stephen to write articles for Daves Rag, his brothers independently published newspaper (Full Biography 2). Throughout his childhood he would read articles from horror comics and become inspired. He began to write short stories and sell them to his mothers friends for a nickel (King On Writing 15). Stephen graduated from Lisbon travel High School where he was sought after to be on the newspaper staff. Stephen sold his first professional chronicle to Starting mystery story Stories in 1967 (Stephen King.com 1-2).Stephen King met his wife, Tabitha, while attending the University of Maine at Orono. Tabitha and Stephen were married in January of 1971. The couple lived in a small apartment their only character reference of income was Stephens salary as a laborer at an industrial laundry. In the fall of 1971, S tephen began teaching sophomore English in Hampden Maine and operative on short stories on the evenings and weekends. In 1973, his first novel Carrie was published. not long after that his second novel Salams Lot was published. With the property made from the two novels Stephen and Tabith... ...e natural talent (Adams 2-3). King believes that a crocked desire to write is what fuelsbrilliant story telling.Write what you like, then dawn it with life and make it unique by blending in your own personal knowledge of life, friendship, relationships, sex and work (King On Writing 157). Stephen King is the 2003 recipient of The National Book Foundation Medal For Distinguished ploughshare to American Letters. He is also the worlds best sell novelist (Stephen King.com 2). When Stephen is not writing he spends his time playing guitar in a rock band called Rock Bottom Remainders (Full Biography 5). The way King parallels his life with his writing without making it seem like every story i s a biography is amazing. His stories are compelling and inspiring. These are just interests which sport grown out of my life and thoughts, out of my experiences as a son and a man, out of my roles as a husband, a father, a source and a lover (King 208). Stephen King is a phenomenal author who has written many classics of the twenty-first century. He has cleverly told the world about himself and his life through his immortal words.