Theories Of Personality: Albert Einstein

Theories Of Personality Albert EinsteinThis paper exit discuss somewhat the life of Albert Einstein and how the different theories of the nature are utilise on his life. Like the theory of Maslow in which he describes the five needs of the hu homo trip outual beings and the big five model. Certainly, he was mentally a very(prenominal) so apply person that was against the military rule and dictatorship of German judicature. Finally, he would non pull in been a famous and genius man of the 20th century if he were not conscientiousness. The theory of Erickson describes the psycho-social improvement through eight different periods. According to this theory, each level focal pointes on a subject, or calamity, that is particularly historic at his that span of life. By applying the theory of Erickson on Einsteins psycho-social improvement at the very end of his life, we could possibly comprehend that his life was wonderful and playful. The word of Einstein was oddly called the logical-mathematical intelligence. Certainly, Einstein formed the theories based on the observations, and on the logical reasoning. Take For instant, some scientists thought while Albert Einstein was solace working(a) in government grant office, he experimented that m any(prenominal) of the sight that were coming inside and out the office on the certain age. Albert Einstein was not very confident or fitting in his archeozoic life, he even started talking very late then any other normal person but in the posterior life he became very confident and he achieved a pot by the validations of the theories that he proposed.Trait TheoryAccording to Douglas, the majority of people illustrate others by referring to their sociable, thoughts, actions, odorings and needs. All these points are called personal traits that tend to assist to express how a person generally thinks and then behave. There are deuce diverse trait theories that are given later in this paper.Firstly, the trait the ory utilizes a factor-analytic technique that is organized in five essential factors that areOpennessConscientiousnessExtraversionAgreeablenessNeuroticismThese trait theories complement each other to assist us get additional consciousness of the constitution of Albert Einstein. While focusing on the factors of the big five model, Einstein was an extremely non-open person in the early churlhood. When he was three years old, he could not yet talk, and he really hated playing music especially playing piano. Nevertheless, he became more open when he became an adult man. He utilise to be enjoyed by art he as well used to play music as his preference and got interested about nature. He was very introverted, he did not really equald to talk to others. Every scientific work was done by him. And this could possibly be the reason that clarifies that why he gave divorce to his wife.However, in the end days of his life, he was pretty much more active and he joined many organizations that confined the peace and the human rights. He had a very well-set agreeableness that could be seen by his love and his passion, along with his fights for freedom and peace of the world. He was not very neurotic because he had by no means concern about the certainty of his theories that were not agreed upon by almost all of the scientists of 20th century, but he still struggled, fought and proved to the humanity the truth.Certainly, he was mentally a very strong person that was against the military rule and dictatorship of German government. Finally, he would not have been a famous and genius man of the 20th century if he were not conscientiousness. Because he created new theories, he should have been very structured and well-versed in each theme.Secondly, the trait theory utilizes the biological features that are recognized asIntroversion ExtraversionEmotionality Stability.Connecting to the 2nd trait theory, Albert Einstein seemed not to perish in any specific area of the sphere e. g. Introverted Extraverted and Emotional Stability. He was very submissive, thoughtful, easygoing, peaceful and active. We could easily see it all the centering through his personal living. For instant, he on no account cared how people thought about his presentation, his hair or the clothes. Einstein had the unsurprising trait patterns that spiel the multifaceted personality.Neo-Freudian TheoryThe theory of Erickson describes the psycho-social improvement through eight different periods. According to this theory, each level focuses on a subject, or calamity, that is particularly important at his that span of life. By applying the theory of Erickson on Einsteins psycho-social improvement at the very end of his life, we could possibly comprehend that his life was wonderful and playful. Albert Einstein displayed self-actualization in dedicating his life for confederacy and science. The scientific creativity of Einstein was intensely connected with the societal development and was an spacious part of his history.The theory of Erickson will terminate that at the older age, Einstein lived a very meaningful life and he was prepared to countenance death with approval and pride. Nevertheless, Einstein apparently was not slaked by his life although he had completed a lot of work. At the same time, as in the last days, when he was in hospital, he spoke something to the nurse in German before going to sleep forever. A lot of scientists said that Einstein may talk about the quantums theory for the deed to that nurse, but regrettably she did not appreciated German. Therefore, when at the time when Einstein was about to death, we might alike see the confliction between honesty versus despair. (Cunny, 1960).A lot of people had doubt and questioned that how Einstein was so good and clever. After the death of Einstein, doctors managed a surgery on his head and did not found out any dissimilarity between his brains with a normal persons brain.According to the theory of Gardner, everyone governs a special intellect which is articulated in different situate of skills (Language, Thought, Intelligence 285).The intelligence of Einstein was specially called the logical-mathematical intelligence. Certainly, Einstein formed the theories based on the observations, and on the logical reasoning. Take For instant, some scientists thought while Albert Einstein was still working in government grant office, he experimented that many of the people that were coming inside and out the office on the certain time.He observed that the time and space in the place of work that were associate and by the reasonable thinking, his common relativity theory was recognized (Cunny, 1960).In other viewpoint, Sternberg Triarchic theory also integrated three diverse types of intelligence that areAnalyticCreativePracticalEinsteins science efforts were based on logical intelligence. He also used diagnostic thought to resolve the physics problems. And He may also have realistic int elligence because he was worried that a lonesome man in science that can only work alone and observe the subjects through his uneven experience in life. For example, he disliked rote encyclopedism in schools, so that he can get experience and studied math by his individuality. Generally, both theories clarified the types of intelligence of Albert Einstein splendidly and it gave us more thoughts about our particular intelligences which we have not thought about ever before.Psychoanalytic TheoryThis theory by Sigmund Freud explains that the psyche of human beings is shared out in devil structures that are the conscious and the unconscious mind of a person. However, the mind of a person has three parts that areIdEgoThe Super-Ego had been much(prenominal) a progressive messenger and he had said about how significant thoughts are that a person can never get any of the radical ideas if he keeps on thinking the same thoughts that he thought before. A person has to think different thou ghts in order to progress in life.The self is part of the individual structure and it will be with us when we dwell in the sphere of the substantial and live inside this concept as we recognize of it as time since the ego only survive in our past reminiscences or our future thoughts.The ego cannot make up in the present moment of outright. When we go back to the area of the absolute, all reverse to the care that is the center of our living being and the ego vanishes because we are one time again in broad(a) information that we are with the foundation of all that survive and there is no idea such as time. There is only the current instant of now and the ego can not survive in this surroundings.Maslow Hierarchy of NeedsThe hierarchy of needs include all the physiological, psychological, belonging, esteem needs and the need for self-actualization.5.1. physiologic NeedThe physiological needs include the needs like air, water, food, shelter and safety etc. Albert Einstein was not ve ry social in his early life but by the end of his life, he became more social, started interacting with people more often because of the safety of not being lonesome. There are two ways to live your life. He also believed that there are only two ways by which a person can live his life. mavin is if you believe that nothing is a miracle and the other is when you believe that everything is a miracle.5.2. Psychological NeedProbably psychological needs enable us to prosper instead than just survive this can be seen in terms of superfluous energy just like economic magnificence can also be seen in terms of over capital. The majority of the people on the planet earth waste most of the time while struggling to satisfy their choice needs and so they then have a very little time spare to enjoy luxury of pleasing the psychological needs of understanding and knowing.Einstein was a very intelligent man and he did not believed in miracles. The theories he proposed were not accepted by other scientists but he was psychologically very strong and unflinching that he was right and soon everyone was found of him.5.3 Belonging NeedEven when Einstein was a very youth child, he valued solitude, in 1930 he remembered and said that he was a true lone traveler and he have never belonged to his country, his home, his friends, and even his instantaneous family with his whole heart and as a matter of fact, he had never lost the sense of coldness and the need for solitude, and the feelings that increase with the years and time. (qtd in Cassidy 64).5.4 delight in NeedThere are of two types of Esteem needs that areInternal esteem needs that can include the need for self- respect, competence, confidence, freedom and achievement. immaterial esteem needs can include the needs for recognition, status, power, appreciation and attention.Albert Einstein was not very confident or competent in his early life, he even started talking very late then any other normal person but in the later l ife he became very confident and he achieved a lot by the validations of the theories that he proposed. On the other hand, he also received a lot attention and admiproportionn throughout his life and was very famous among the people.5. 5 Self- ActualizationAlbert Einstein displayed self-actualization in dedicating his life for society and science. The scientific creativity of Albert Einstein was intensely link up with the societal development and was an enormous part of his history.ConclusionThese trait theories complement each other to assist us get additional understanding of the personality of Albert Einstein. While focusing on the factors of the big five model, Einstein was an extremely non-open person in the early childhood. Certainly, Einstein was mentally a very strong person that was against the military rule and dictatorship of German government. Finally, he would not have been a famous and genius man of the 20th century if he were not conscientiousness. Because he created new theories, he should have been very structured and well-versed in each theme. Albert Einstein was not very confident or competent in his early life, he even started talking very late then any other normal person but in the later life he became very confident and he achieved a lot by the validations of the theories that he proposed. On the other hand, he also received a lot attention and admiration throughout his life and was very famous among the people. The scientific creativity of Albert Einstein was intensely related with the societal development and was an enormous part of his history.Probably psychological needs enable us to prosper rather than just survive this can be seen in terms of excess energy just like economic magnificence can also be seen in terms of over capital. Einstein was a very intelligent man and he did not believed in miracles. The theories he proposed were not accepted by other scientists but he was psychologically very strong and determined that he was ri ght and soon everyone was found of him. put forwardual urge Selection Ethical DilemmaGender Selection Ethical Dilemma1.0 INTRODUCTIONOver the strain of human history, the sexual practice of a newborn child has mostly been a surprise and an uncontrollable aspect of the lifecycle (Akchurin and Kartzke 2012). However, with advances in reproduction technologies nowadays such as in-vitro fertilization and testing embryos for abnormalities, parents can not only know the gender of their offspring before birth, but it is also possible for them to choose the gender of the child before it is being implanted in the womb (Cloonman et al. 2007). Since decades, the practice of identifying fetal sex during pregnancy has existed and it was first introduced in the 1970s (WHO 2012). While prenatal sex choice was once considered to be unique to India and China, the practice now exists in the Asian, European and African countries, especially with the prevalence of ultrasound, being more affordable to lower-middle-class and even lower-class families (Miller 2001). Although gender selection has been beneficial to a large extent to society, questions about its ethicality are often raised and it remains a passing controversial issue. Therefore, the following points below emphasises on the arguments for and against in a bid to provide a balanced debate as to whether selecting the gender of a child before birth should be allowed or not2.0 ARGUMENTS FOR MOTIVATIONS UNDERLYING SEX SELECTION2.1 Prevention of selective abortion and infanticideThroughout history, gender selection has been do after birth by the abandonment or killing of unwanted infants or before birth by selective abortion. However, these ruthless practices still exist in some countries. One of the main causes is due to deep-rooted cultural factors present in countries like India and China (Jones 1992) which strongly affect gender preferences. For instance, in China, the Government has adopted the one-child policy an d for the case of India, most Indians parents mostly pray for a baby son for cultural factors such as inheritance of property, family name to their heirs and their contribution to economic activity (Bhaskar and Gupta 2007). Therefore, by allowing parents to choose the sex of their offspring before pregnancy and eventually allow them to get their want offspring, this will not only prevent them from committing sins like infanticide and selective abortion, but also eliminate negative cultural implications.2.2 Family BalancingGender selection is also considered as ethical when it is used for Family balancing purposes (Bhaskar 2010). As Cline (2007) claimed, families that already have one or more children of a particular sex may feel like selecting the gender of their next offspring in order to balance the gender ratio of their family. Data indicate that couples who are expecting a baby, but already have a daughter, prefer to have recourse to gender selection methods so as to ensure th at their next child would be a boy (Hesketh and Zing 2006). Thus, this argument is justified when considering the fact that having children of different sex in a family is beneficial to the society (Akchurin and Kartzkey 2012).2.3 Freedom of choiceIf the latest technology in gender selection exists, then parents believe that they should have the reproductive right to select the gender make-up of their family given that no impairment is being caused to the society by their decision (Harris 1997). Article 16 (1) of the Universal Declaration of humane Rights states that Men and women of full age have the right to marry and to found a family and this right also implies that they have the right to make choices over how their family should be formed(U.N. 1948).2.4 waken-linked genetic diseasesFor families who are prone to get sex-linked genetic diseases like Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, hemophilia, Cooleys anemia, Downs syndrome, and more than 400 other diseases (Jones 1992), pre-implan tation genetic diagnosis (PGD) prevent them from conceiving a baby with the risk of developing a severe illness and avoid abortion or premature death (Silverman 2005). Therefore, in this case, the use of PGD for a medical purpose is an ethical practice.3.0 ARGUMENT AGAINST SEX SELECTION3.1 Children designed to specificationsA popular criticism of gender selection is its use for non-medical reasons. Children are being considered as consumer products or toys designed to specifications in a bid to satisfy parents (Akchurin and Kartzke 2012). The last mentioned are using money and technology to fulfill superficial desires and soon they will want to choose the eye or hair colour, skin specter and eventually the career of their offspring, thus admiting to the creation of a designer baby. Besides, parents may not be aware that in trying to custom-make their babies, this may lead to the development of other undesirable traits low intelligence, birth defects, the passing of hereditary di seases, or even genetic disorders.3.2 Natural SelectionHaving a child is a natural phenomenon, full of wonder, but however, doctors, and to an extent parents, are playing God by choosing the gender of their child (Leung 2004). Children should not be love because of who they are, not because they are exactly what we wanted of them (Stein 2004). Reproductive technologies were developed with the intention to cure diseases, but choosing the gender of a child before pregnancy is not a disease. Thus, by allowing sex choice for non-medical reasons, this can have harmful implications on the society as this will encourage selective abortion. Besides, the society will lose its natural essence and the evolution of human species will be affected (Sureau 1999).3.3 Gender imbalanceAnother unintended consequence of sex selection is gender imbalance. Gender preferences due to social and cultural factors may result in serious imbalances in some countries like India, Vietnam and China. For instance, in India, the sex ratio at birth is very high such that there are 914 girls for every 1,000 boys (The Economist 2011). The negative implications of gender imbalance may subsequently lead to marriage squeeze whereby a shortage of women leaves fewer brides available for the large numbers of prospective grooms (Hvistendahl 2012). These imbalances are socially harmful because as they are linked to forced marriage, sexual violence, kidnapping and prostitution.4.0 CONCLUSIONChildbirth is a complex series of molecular reactions and organic growth, and while doctors have learned much about the process, there is still much that is unknown (Akchurin and Kartzke 2012). Technology has permitted humans to make choices on different ways on how to live their lives, but gender selection is all about allowing people making a choice about the life of someone else, which is not a decision for them to take as it intemperately affects the quality of life of the child in some way or another and can even tually have negative impacts on the society as a whole (Cloonman et al. 2007). However, as per the Human Genetics Alert Campaign Briefing (2002), it is pointless to try to stop scientific advances, but instead, it is better to focus on how to prevent any abuse. Policymakers need to be aware of the practices potential growth, and how it threatens gender equality and progress in their own countries (Gilles and Jacobs 2012). Hence, gender selection is a highly controversial issue as far as its applicability for medical and non-medical reasons is concerned and involves a debate that is outside the reach of this essay.BIBLIOGRAPHYAkchurin,W. and Kartzk, R., 2012. The Ethics of Gender Selection online. Available from http//www.ethicapublishing.com/ ethical/3CH2.pdf.Bhaskar, V., and Gupta, B., 2007. Indias Missing misss Biology, Customs and Economic Development, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 23, 221-238.Bhaskar, V., 2010. Sex Selection and Gender Balance. University College London.Cl ine, A., 2007. Gender Selection- Ethical Considerations New Technologies. online. Available from http//atheism.about.comCloonman, K., Crumley, C. and Kiymaz, S., 2007. Sex Selection Ethical Issues. Developmental Biology. The New York Times. Online. Available from http//8e.devbio.comGanatra, B., 2008. Maintaining Access to Safe Abortion and Reducing Sex proportionality Imbalances in Asia. Reproductive health Matters 16, 90-98.Gilles, K. and Feldman-JACOBS, C., 2012. When technology and tradition collide from gender bias to sex selection. Policy brief- Population Reference Bureau, Washington, USA, 1-5.Harris, J. 1997. Goodbye Dolly? The ethical motive of human cloning. J Med Ethics, (23), 353-360.Hesketh, T., and Zing, Z.W, 2006. Abnormal Sex Ratios in Human Populations Causes and Consequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103(36), 13271-75.Human Genetics Alert Campaign Briefing, 2002. The case against sex selection online. Human Genetics Alert, London. Available from www.hgalert.org/sexselection.PDFHvistendahl, M., 2012. Unnatural Selection Choosing Boys Over Girls and the Consequences of a World Full of Men. track of the International Workshop on skewed Sex Ratios at Birth, UNFPA, New York.International debate education association, 2012. This house believes parents should be able to choose the sex of their children, online. Available from http//idebate.org/es/cite/17669JONES, O., 1992. Sex Selection regulating technology enabling the predetermination of a childs gender. Harvard Journal of Law Technology, 6, 1-62.Leung, R., 2004. Choose the Sex of Your Baby. CBS News. online. Available fromhttp//www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/04/13/60II/main611618.shtmlMiller, B., 2001. Female-Selective Abortion in Asia Patterns, Policies, and Debates. Report of the International Workshop on Skewed Sex Ratios at Birth. American Anthropologist, 103 (4), 1083-95.Peterson-Iyer, K., 2004. Designer Children. Cleveland The Pilgrim. 1-232.Silverman, A., 2005. G enetic Diseases. The Silverman Center for Gender Selection, online. Available from http//www.gender-select.comStein, R., 2004.A Boy for You, a Girl for Me Technology Allows Choice. The Washington Post online. Available fromhttp//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A62067-2004Dec13.htmlSureau, C., 2007. Gender Selection a Crime Against Humanity or the Exercise of a Fundamental Right? Oxford Journals Human Reproduction. online. Available from http//humrep.oxfordjournals.orgThe Economist, 2011. Add sugar and spice.online. Available from http//www.economist.com/node/18530101U.N., 1948. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights.General Assembly United Nations. Available from http//www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtmlWaters, B., 2001. Reproductive Technology. Cleveland The Pilgrim. 1-148.World Health Organization (WHO), 2011. Preventing Gender-biased Sex Selection An Interagency Statement. online. Available from www.who.int/reproductivehealth